Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Univariable Analyses for Recurrence-Free Survival
| n (%) | Median RFS, mo |
5-y RFS (%) |
p Value, univariable |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 306 | 26 | 27 | - |
| Sex | 0.04 | |||
| Female | 127 (42) | 33 | 30 | |
| Male | 179 (58) | 24 | 21 | |
| Age y | 0.77 | |||
| <65 | 160 (52) | 25 | 25 | |
| ≥65 | 146 (48) | 29 | 30 | |
| PSC | -- | |||
| Yes | 4 (1) | -- | -- | |
| No | 302 (99) | -- | -- | |
| Bilirubin, preoperative, mg/dL | 0.006 | |||
| <2 | 186 (65) | 35 | 31 | |
| ≥2 | 99 (35) | 20 | 18 | |
| Lobar atrophy on imaging | 0.10 | |||
| None | 188 (66) | 27 | 26 | |
| Left | 59 (20) | 24 | 27 | |
| Right | 39 (14) | 33 | 35 | |
| Bismuth classification on imaging | 0.10 | |||
| Left or right duct only | 23 (8) | 62 | 56 | |
| 1 | 57 (19) | 21 | 21 | |
| 2 | 40 (13) | 33 | 27 | |
| 3A, right | 79 (26) | 25 | 23 | |
| 3B, left | 64 (21) | 25 | 29 | |
| 4 | 43 (14) | 24 | 28 | |
| Portal vein involvement on imaging | 0.68 | |||
| None | 176 (63) | 26 | 27 | |
| Main/bifurcation/bilateral | 8 (3) | 49 | 30 | |
| Left | 57 (20) | 24 | 30 | |
| Right | 38 (14) | 27 | 17 | |
| Suspected lymph node involvement on imaging*† | 0.30 | |||
| Yes | 166 (63) | 31 | 30 | |
| No | 97 (37) | 21 | 24 | |
| Blumgart classification on imaging | 0.57 | |||
| T1 | 144 (47) | 25 | 26 | |
| T2 | 94 (31) | 29 | 29 | |
| T3 | 47 (15) | 25 | 28 | |
| Tumor diameter on imaging, cm | 0.96 | |||
| <3 | 179 (69) | 23 | 24 | |
| ≥3 | 80 (31) | 33 | 24 | |
| Drainage, preoperative | 0.02 | |||
| None | 60 (20) | 47 | 36 | |
| Percutaneous | 35 (11) | 23 | 19 | |
| Endoscopic | 157 (51) | 29 | 30 | |
| Both | 54 (18) | 19 | 17 | |
| Type of resection | 0.44 | |||
| Bile duct resection alone | 53 (17) | 23 | 18 | |
| Right hemihepatectomy | 25 (8) | 23 | 34 | |
| Left hemihepatectomy | 86 (28) | 25 | 33 | |
| Extended right hepatectomy | 89 (29) | 26 | 24 | |
| Extended left hepatectomy | 27 (9) | 44 | 42 | |
| Segment 4b/5 resection | 24 (8) | 30 | 23 | |
| Central hepatectomy | 2 (1) | -- | -- | |
| Caudate resection‡ | 0.67 | |||
| Yes | 137 (54) | 26 | 30 | |
| No | 116 (46) | 29 | 26 | |
| Resection margin | 0.002 | |||
| Positive | 84 (27) | 19 | 15 | |
| Narrow | 54 (18) | 24 | 26 | |
| Wide | 168 (55) | 39 | 34 | |
| Lymph node involvement | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 78 (26) | 13 | 5 | |
| No, less than 4 nodes | 124 (41) | 31 | 30 | |
| No, at least 4 nodes | 104 (34) | 42 | 41 | |
| Tumor differentiation | <0.001 | |||
| Well | 68 (23) | 56 | 48 | |
| Moderate or poor | 228 (77) | 22 | 19 | |
| Perineural invasion | 0.004 | |||
| Yes | 211 (69) | 22 | 23 | |
| No | 95 (31) | 40 | 37 | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 0.008 | |||
| Yes | 79 (26) | 20 | 18 | |
| No | 227 (74) | 31 | 30 | |
| Papillary tumor | 0.005 | |||
| Yes | 57 (19) | 55 | 47 | |
| No | 249 (81) | 23 | 23 | |
| T-stage – 7th edition | 0.02 | |||
| T0–2 | 232 (76) | 31 | 30 | |
| T3–4 | 74 (24) | 20 | 17 | |
| AJCC stage – 7th edition | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 11 (4) | 55 | 50 | |
| 1 | 35 (11) | 58 | 48 | |
| 2 | 133 (43) | 33 | 32 | |
| 3 | 78 (26) | 16 | 12 | |
| 4 | 49 (16) | 19 | 18 | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 24 (8) | 13 | 0 | |
| No | 282 (92) | 29 | 29 | |
| Adjuvant radiotherapy | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 25 (8) | 15 | 0 | |
| No | 282 (92) | 29 | 30 |
*
Tumor diameter and suspected lymph node involvement on imaging were missing in 47 (15%) and 42 patients (14%) respectively, because they were missing in the report and imaging from the early nineties was not always available for review.
†
Suspected lymph node involvement on imaging was defined as short-axis diameter larger than 10 mm or central necrosis.
‡
The results presented for caudate resection concerns only patients who had a liver resection.
PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; RFS, recurrence free survival.