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Illustration of the biocatalysis by CYP1A2 and CPR on the cell surface. Two electrons are shuttled by the outer membrane (OM) anchored CPR from NADPH via the cofactors FAD and FMN in single-electron steps to the heme group of surface displayed CYP1A2. The monooxygenase catalyzes the oxidative breakdown of a substrate by inserting one oxygen atom into the chemical compound while reducing the other one to water. IM inner membrane
