Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| No preoperative opioid use | Any preoperative opioid use | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative characteristic (SD)a | |||
| Patients (n) | 80 | 27 | |
| Age (y) | 58 (13) | 56 (14) | 0.48 |
| Male gender (n) | 28% (22) | 37% (10) | 0.35 |
| Baseline pain other than surgical site (0–10) | 2.04 (2.45) | 3.78 (2.58) | 0.002 |
| Baseline pain at surgical site (0–10) | 1.58 (2.42) | 3.44 (3.03) | 0.002 |
| Self-Perceived Risk of Addiction | 1.27 (0.55) | 1.44 (0.58) | 0.15 |
| History of Addiction Treatment (n) | 4% (3) | 4% (1) | 1 |
| SOAPP-R score | 11.91 (5.74) | 19.26 (12.57) | 0.006 |
| Used tobacco regularly (lifetime) (n) | 23% (18) | 41% (11) | 0.07 |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II score | 7.75 (6.11) | 14.65 (12.49) | 0.01 |
| Anxiety Sensitivity Index Score | 14.54 (10.55) | 19.48 (15.81) | 0.14 |
| Fear of Pain Score | 70.12 (22.53) | 74.19 (21.92) | 0.42 |
| Primary Care PTSD Screen Score | 0.49 (1.04) | 0.88 (1.45) | 0.21 |
| PSQI Total Score | 6.96 (3.69) | 9.92 (4.67) | 0.002 |
| Surgery type (n) | 0.02 | ||
| Thoracotomy | 28% (22) | 19% (5) | |
| Total knee replacement | 14% (11) | 30% (8) | |
| Total hip replacement | 19% (15) | 37% (10) | |
| Radical mastectomy | 26% (21) | 15% (4) | |
| Lumpectomy | 14% (11) | 0% (0) |
SOAPP-R, Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised; PTSD, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
aValues are presented as means and SD except where noted otherwise.