Table 2.
Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts in different solvents.
| Plant | Solvent | Diameter of inhibition zone | Percentage mycelia inhibition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B. cereus | Serratia sp. | R. mucilaginosa | A. flavus | P. citrinum | ||
| Centella asiatica | Acetone | 23.3bx ∗ ± 1.52∗∗ | — | — | — | — |
| Methanol | 27.3cx ± 0.57 | 15.3cy ± 0.57 | 18.3cz ± 0.57 | 24.6bu ± 0.57 | 23.3bv ± 1.52 | |
| Ethanol | 29.3dx ± 0.57 | 12.3dy ± 1.52 | 20.6dz ± 0.57 | 26.3cu ± 1.52 | 24.3cv ± 0.57 | |
| Cold aqueous | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hot aqueous | — | — | — | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Curcuma longa | Acetone | 22.3bx ± 1.52 | 13.3by ± 1.52 | — | — | — |
| Methanol | 20.3cx ± 1.52 | — | — | — | — | |
| Ethanol | 17.3dx ± 1.52 | — | — | — | — | |
| Cold aqueous | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hot aqueous | — | — | — | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Emblica officinalis | Acetone | 22.3bx ± 0.57 | 19.3by ± 0.57 | 18.6bz ± 1.52 | 19.3bu ± 1.52 | 20.6bv ± 1.52 |
| Methanol | 19.6cx ± 1.52 | 14.3cy ± 0.57 | 16.3cz ± 0.57 | 17.6cu ± 1.52 | 18.3cv ± 0.57 | |
| Ethanol | 17.3dx ± 0.57 | 15.3dy ± 0.57 | 14.3dz ± 0.57 | 12.6du ± 0.57 | 13.6dv ± 0.57 | |
| Cold aqueous | 14.6ex ± 0.57 | — | — | — | — | |
| Hot aqueous | 12.6fx ± 0.57 | — | — | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Mentha arvensis | Acetone | 26.3bx ± 0.57 | 19.3by ± 1.52 | — | 22.3bu ± 0.57 | 20.6bv ± 0.57 |
| Methanol | 23.3cx ± 0.57 | 14.3cy ± 0.57 | — | 17.6cu ± 1.52 | 15.3cv ± 1.52 | |
| Ethanol | 24.3dx ± 0.57 | 16.6dy ± 0.57 | — | 16.6du ± 1.52 | 14.3dv ± 0.57 | |
| Cold aqueous | 19.3ex ± 0.57 | 11.3ey ± 0.57 | — | — | — | |
| Hot aqueous | 15.6fx ± 1.52 | — | — | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Rauvolfia serpentina | Acetone | 22.3bx ± 0.57 | 21.3by ± 1.52 | — | 17.3bu ± 1.52 | 19.3bv ± 1.52 |
| Methanol | 26.6cx ± 0.57 | 18.6cy ± 0.57 | — | 15.6cu ± 1.52 | 12.6cv ± 1.52 | |
| Ethanol | 25.6dx ± 1.52 | 17.3dy ± 0.57 | — | — | — | |
| Cold aqueous | 19.3ex ± 0.57 | 14.6ey ± 1.52 | — | — | — | |
| Hot aqueous | 17.6fx ± 0.57 | 12.6fy ± 0.57 | — | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Terminalia arjuna | Acetone | 19.3bx ± 0.57 | 18.6by ± 0.57 | 17.6bz ± 0.57 | 20.6bu ± 1.52 | 17.3bv ± 0.57 |
| Methanol | 24.6cx ± 0.57 | 22.6cy ± 0.57 | 19.3cz ± 0.57 | 24.6cu ± 0.57 | 21.3cv ± 1.52 | |
| Ethanol | 21.3dx ± 0.57 | 19.3dy ± 0.57 | 16.6dz ± 0.57 | 21.6du ± 1.52 | 15.6dv ± 0.57 | |
| Cold aqueous | 15.6ex ± 0.57 | 14.6ey ± 0.57 | 13.3ez ± 0.57 | 11.6eu ± 1.52 | 10.3ev ± 0.57 | |
| Hot aqueous | 12.3fx ± 0.57 | — | — | — | ||
|
| ||||||
| Withania somnifera | Acetone | 20.3bx ± 0.57 | 18.6by ± 0.57 | — | 18.3bu ± 0.57 | 19.6bv ± 1.52 |
| Methanol | 15.6cx ± 1.52 | 13.3cy ± 0.57 | — | 20.6cu ± 0.57 | 22.3cv ± 0.57 | |
| Ethanol | 14.3dx ± 1.52 | 12.3dy ± 1.52 | — | 22.6du ± 1.52 | 23.3dv ± 0.57 | |
| Cold aqueous | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hot aqueous | — | — | — | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Zingiber officinale | Acetone | 23.3bx ± 0.57 | 18.6by ± 0.57 | — | — | — |
| Methanol | 21.3cx ± 1.52 | 13.6cy ± 0.57 | — | — | — | |
| Ethanol | 19.3dx ± 0.57 | 11.3dz ± 0.57 | — | — | — | |
| Cold aqueous | 17.6ex ± 0.57 | — | — | — | — | |
| Hot aqueous | 12.3fx ± 0.57 | — | — | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Sodium benzoate | 20.6ax ± 0.57 | 16.6ay ± 0.57 | 14.6az ± 0.57 | 30.6 ± 0.57 | 26.3 ± 0.57 | |
∗Values, including diameter of the well (8 mm), are means of three replicates. ∗∗Standard deviation within five extracts and control of the same spice with three different microorganisms tested different letters are significantly (p < 0.05) different. —: no activity.