Table 2.
Changes in daily intake of key foods after 5 years with energy adjustment categorized by tertile of changes in TPEa.
| TPE (mg GAE/g creatinine) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q 1 | Q 2 | Q 3 | P b | |||||||
| (ΔTP < −11.4 ) | (−11.4 ≤ ΔTP ≤ 24.6) | (ΔTP > 24.6) | ||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Timec | Groupd | Time ∗ Groupe | ||
| Vegetables (g/d) | Baseline | 302.1 | 117.5 | 293.9 | 109.0 | 289.6 | 118.4 | <0.001 | 0.195 | 0.369 |
| 5 years | 366.0∗∗ | 122.9 | 340.7∗∗ | 115.8 | 354.3∗∗ | 120.9 | ||||
| Fruits (g/d) | Baseline | 346.3 | 176.7 | 354.7 | 169.3 | 385.4 | 183.6 | <0.001 | 0.477 | 0.103 |
| 5 years | 459.4∗∗ | 181.4 | 456.4∗∗ | 172.6 | 454.0∗∗ | 158.8 | ||||
| Legumes (g/d) | Baseline | 18.7 | 7.2 | 19.2 | 7.2 | 19.69 | 8.8 | 0.445 | 0.149 | 0.736 |
| 5 years | 18.7 | 8.3 | 19.1 | 7.7 | 19.9 | 8.1 | ||||
| Cereals (g/d) | Baseline | 240.0 | 73.2 | 242.9 | 79.2 | 238.9 | 70.7 | <0.001 | 0.867 | 0.712 |
| 5 years | 221.1∗∗ | 63.4 | 216.4∗∗ | 68.5 | 216.1∗∗ | 63.0 | ||||
| Milk (g/d) | Baseline | 368.8 | 201.3 | 345.4 | 193.9 | 393.2 | 233.2 | 0.005 | 0.300 | 0.166 |
| 5 years | 402.2∗ | 223.4 | 386.4∗∗ | 204.3 | 395.6 | 196.6 | ||||
| Meat (g/d) | Baseline | 140.9 | 49.1 | 140.1 | 48.8 | 138.0 | 45.3 | <0.001 | 0.992 | 0.431 |
| 5 years | 126.6∗∗ | 41.9 | 126.9∗∗ | 43.3 | 130.1 | 44.1 | ||||
| Fish (g/d) | Baseline | 94.7 | 37.2 | 90.4 | 39.1 | 91.7 | 39.2 | <0.001 | 0.521 | 0.882 |
| 5 years | 101.4 | 45.6 | 98.8∗∗ | 43.2 | 97.8∗ | 36.2 | ||||
| Pastries (g/d) | Baseline | 26.1 | 26.1 | 25.7 | 27.1 | 26.6 | 25.1 | 0.001 | 0.846 | 0.485 |
| 5 years | 20.1 | 24.2 | 23.1 | 28.4 | 21.5 | 27.3 | ||||
| EVOO (g/d) | Baseline | 24.1 | 24.2 | 21.8 | 23.8 | 21.3 | 22.9 | <0.001 | 0.848 | 0.346 |
| 5 years | 48.2∗∗ | 22.8 | 48.1∗∗ | 25.0 | 49.7∗∗ | 23.1 | ||||
| Nuts (g/d) | Baseline | 11.0 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 13.1 | <0.001 | 0.794 | 0.656 |
| 5 years | 16.0∗∗ | 12.5 | 16.1∗∗ | 13.1 | 16.7∗∗ | 12.2 | ||||
| Wine (g/d) | Baseline | 98.3 | 140.1 | 105.2 | 157.2 | 96.8 | 136.1 | 0.002 | 0.781 | 0.979 |
| 5 years | 80.1∗∗ | 130.5 | 89.0 | 130.8 | 80.7 | 123.4 | ||||
| Folic acid (μg/d) | Baseline | 376.7 | 83.8 | 379.4 | 81.1 | 381.9 | 87.6 | <0.001 | 0.939 | 0.322 |
| 5 years | 432.6∗∗ | 75.9 | 425.3∗∗ | 87.3 | 424.5∗∗ | 72.4 | ||||
| Coffee (mL/d) | Baseline | 38.4 | 57.0 | 33.2 | 44.2 | 33.9 | 47.2 | 0.004 | 0.902 | 0.258 |
| 5 years | 27.4∗ | 48.0 | 28.6 | 46.4 | 30.7 | 48.8 | ||||
| Chocolate (g/d) | Baseline | 2.9 | 5.7 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 5.9 | 0.940 | 0.422 | 0.203 |
| 5 years | 2.2 | 4.2 | 3.1∗ | 6.1 | 3.4 | 7.9 | ||||
aData are given as means (SD); P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. EVOO: extra virgin olive oil; GAE: gallic acid equivalent; TPE: total polyphenol excretion. Values with asterisks are statistically different from baseline values by the paired-samples t-test (∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01).
bData analysed by repeated-measures 2-factor ANOVA.
cComparison between the time before and after intervention.
dComparison between tertiles of TPE changes.
eComparison between measurements obtained before and after intervention and between tertiles of TPE changes.