Table 3.
Changes in nutrient intake after 5 years with energy adjustment categorized by tertile of changes in TPEa.
| TPE (mg GAE/g creatinine) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q 1 | Q 2 | Q 3 | P b | |||||||
| (ΔTP < −11.4) | (−11.4 ≤ ΔTP ≤ 24.6) | (ΔTP > 24.6) | ||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Timec | Groupd | Time ∗ Groupe | ||
| Total carbohydrates (g/d) | Baseline | 235.6 | 36.5 | 238.4 | 43.2 | 239.9 | 35.9 | 0.736 | 0.964 | 0.41 |
| 5 years | 239.7 | 63.1 | 235.0 | 68.9 | 235.6 | 61.0 | ||||
| Protein (g/d) | Baseline | 88.4 | 36.5 | 91.2 | 43.2 | 92.7 | 35.9 | 0.12 | 0.649 | 0.498 |
| 5 years | 94.5 | 18.6 | 92.7 | 19.5 | 94.4 | 17.7 | ||||
| Total fat (g/d) | Baseline | 102.5 | 12.8 | 100.8 | 12.6 | 102.7 | 13.6 | <0.001 | 0.528 | 0.331 |
| 5 years | 110.7∗∗ | 23.1 | 112.9∗∗ | 25.6 | 113.4∗∗ | 24.4 | ||||
| MUFA (g/d) | Baseline | 53.5 | 13.6 | 52.3 | 17.4 | 51.6 | 15.2 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.19 |
| 5 years | 58.3∗∗ | 12.7 | 59.6∗∗ | 13.5 | 59.8∗∗ | 13.5 | ||||
| SFA (g/d) | Baseline | 25.5 | 9.0 | 24.6 | 10.1 | 24.0 | 9.7 | 0.949 | 0.887 | 0.114 |
| 5 years | 24.2 | 6.4 | 24.8 | 7.4 | 25.1 | 7.3 | ||||
| PUFA (g/d) | Baseline | 15.7 | 4.7 | 15.7 | 6.1 | 15.6 | 5.4 | <0.001 | 0.716 | 0.675 |
| 5 years | 19.0∗∗ | 5.9 | 19.0∗∗ | 5.6 | 19.6∗∗ | 5.5 | ||||
| Alcohol (g/d) | Baseline | 14.1 | 5.2 | 13.3 | 5.4 | 13.4 | 4.8 | 0.039 | 0.979 | 0.75 |
| 5 years | 11.9 | 14.6 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 12.2 | 14.7 | ||||
| Fibre (g/d) | Baseline | 24.2 | 6.0 | 24.6 | 5.6 | 25.2 | 6.4 | <0.001 | 0.564 | 0.204 |
| 5 years | 26.6∗∗ | 7.5 | 25.8 | 7.4 | 26.4 | 7.0 | ||||
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | Baseline | 352.4 | 84.6 | 353.1 | 94.6 | 350.5 | 94.0 | 0.2 | 0.946 | 0.975 |
| 5 years | 359.9 | 90.9 | 358.0 | 98.7 | 356.8 | 92.7 | ||||
| Na (mg/d) | Baseline | 2322.4 | 479.6 | 2273.1 | 528.7 | 2263.7 | 479.9 | 0.736 | 0.963 | 0.41 |
| 5 years | 2229.8 | 644.5 | 2230.8 | 728.0 | 2253.7 | 652.0 | ||||
| K (mg/d) | Baseline | 4230.9 | 723.7 | 4164.3 | 682.7 | 4300.6 | 796.1 | <0.001 | 0.234 | 0.542 |
| 5 years | 4654.5∗∗ | 826.8 | 4546.0∗∗ | 963.7 | 4614.7∗∗ | 805.9 | ||||
| Mg (mg/d) | Baseline | 359.5 | 62.7 | 358.4 | 58.1 | 367.1 | 61.8 | <0.001 | 0.432 | 0.365 |
| 5 years | 398.5∗∗ | 82.1 | 388.1∗∗ | 86.4 | 394.3∗∗ | 80.8 | ||||
SFA: saturated fatty acids, MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids, GAE: gallic acid equivalent; TPE: total polyphenol excretion.
aData are given as means (SD); P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Values with asterisks are statistically different from baseline by paired-samples t-test (∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01).
bData analysed by repeated measures 2-factor ANOVA.
cComparison between the time before and after intervention.
dComparison between tertile changes in TPE.
eComparison between measures obtained before and after intervention and between tertiles of TPE changes.