Table 4.
Multivariate linear regression analyses with changes in cardiovascular risk factors as dependent variables and tertiles of changes in TPE in spot urine samples (mg GAE/g creatinine) as exposure variables, adjusted for potential confounders.
| β | SE | Beta | Sig. | 95% CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in GLU (mg/dL) | Model 1 | −4.164 | 1.979 | −0.095 | 0.036 | −8.053 | −0.275 |
| Model 2 | −4.316 | 1.981 | −0.098 | 0.030 | −8.208 | −0.424 | |
| Model 3 | −4.355 | 1.949 | −0.099 | 0.026 | −8.186 | −0.525 | |
| Model 4 | −4.372 | 1.953 | −0.099 | 0.026 | −8.209 | −0.534 | |
|
| |||||||
| Change in COL (mg/dL) | Model 1 | −2.51 | 2.001 | −0.057 | 0.210 | −6.442 | 1.421 |
| Model 2 | −2.236 | 2.011 | −0.050 | 0.267 | −6.187 | 1.715 | |
| Model 3 | −1.845 | 2.013 | −0.042 | 0.360 | −5.800 | 2.109 | |
| Model 4 | −1.802 | 2.015 | −0.041 | 0.372 | −5.762 | 2.157 | |
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| |||||||
| Change in HDL (mg/dL) | Model 1 | 0.102 | 0.448 | 0.010 | 0.820 | −0.778 | 0.982 |
| Model 2 | 0.135 | 0.448 | 0.014 | 0.763 | −0.744 | 1.015 | |
| Model 3 | 0.133 | 0.456 | 0.014 | 0.771 | −0.764 | 1.030 | |
| Model 4 | 0.174 | 0.454 | 0.018 | 0.701 | −0.718 | 1.067 | |
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| |||||||
| Change in LDL (mg/dL) | Model 1 | −0.205 | 1.775 | −0.005 | 0.908 | −3.693 | 3.283 |
| Model 2 | −0.039 | 1.784 | −0.001 | 0.983 | −3.545 | 3.467 | |
| Model 3 | 0.448 | 1.783 | 0.012 | 0.802 | −3.056 | 3.952 | |
| Model 4 | 0.469 | 1.786 | 0.012 | 0.793 | −3.041 | 3.979 | |
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| Change in TG (mg/dL) | Model 1 | −8.356 | 3.06 | −0.123 | 0.007 | −14.369 | −2.344 |
| Model 2 | −8.563 | 3.058 | −0.126 | 0.005 | −14.572 | −2.554 | |
| Model 3 | −8.627 | 3.094 | −0.127 | 0.006 | −14.708 | −2.546 | |
| Model 4 | −8.572 | 3.099 | −0.126 | 0.006 | −14.662 | −2.483 | |
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| Change in SBP (mm Hg) | Model 1 | −1.367 | 0.994 | −0.058 | 0.169 | −3.319 | 0.585 |
| Model 2 | −1.222 | 1.001 | −0.052 | 0.222 | −3.188 | 0.744 | |
| Model 3 | −1.127 | 1.003 | −0.048 | 0.262 | −3.098 | 0.843 | |
| Model 4 | −1.098 | 1.005 | −0.046 | 0.275 | −3.071 | 0.876 | |
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| |||||||
| Change in DBP (mm Hg) | Model 1 | −1.316 | 0.531 | −0.104 | 0.013 | −2.359 | −0.273 |
| Model 2 | −1.254 | 0.532 | −0.099 | 0.019 | −2.298 | −0.209 | |
| Model 3 | −1.153 | 0.532 | −0.091 | 0.031 | −2.198 | −0.108 | |
| Model 4 | −1.156 | 0.533 | −0.091 | 0.031 | −2.203 | −0.109 | |
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| Change in HR | Model 1 | −0.002 | 0.555 | 0.000 | 0.997 | −1.091 | 1.087 |
| Model 2 | 0.043 | 0.559 | 0.003 | 0.938 | −1.055 | 1.142 | |
| Model 3 | −0.011 | 0.567 | −0.001 | 0.985 | −1.125 | 1.103 | |
| Model 4 | −0.074 | 0.565 | −0.006 | 0.895 | −1.184 | 1.035 | |
GLU: glucose, COL: total cholesterol, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, TG: triglycerides, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, and HR: heart rate.
β: nonstandardized coefficient (regression line coefficient); SE: standard error; Beta: standardized coefficient; CI: confidence interval; P: two-sided test of significance.
Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2 adjusted for sex, age, and intervention groups; Model 3 adjusted as in Model 2 plus BMI, smoking status, family history of CHD, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and medication use: antihypertensive drugs, vitamins, insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs, aspirin, or other antiplatelet drug; Model 4 was adjusted as in Model 3 plus 14-unit Mediterranean diet score.