Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the subjects.
| NC | NA | MA | LA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.33 ± 9.16 | 51.4 ± 8.57 | 55.40 ± 12.06 | 58.33 ± 9.04 |
| Duration (years) | — | 5.03 ± 1.27 | 8.21 ± 0.99b | 11.53 ± 1.05bc |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.76 ± 1.60 | 26.49 ± 1.36a | 25.30 ± 1.81a | 25.31 ± 1.81a |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.51 ± 3.22 | 125.72 ± 3.43a | 130.43 ± 3.04ab | 136.49 ± 4.78abc |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.13 ± 2.64 | 77.67 ± 3.35a | 80.21 ± 2.17ab | 82.84 ± 1.73abc |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.16 ± 0.24 | 8.20 ± 0.12a | 8.67 ± 0.21b | 8.89 ± 0.22bc |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.36 ± 0.47 | 8.03 ± 0.60a | 9.50 ± 0.34ab | 9.27 ± 0.63ab |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 6.52 (6.33–6.83) | 14.46 (14.17–14.66)a | 18.66 (15.4621.69)ab | 16.69 (14.15–19.48)ab |
| FINS (mIU/L) | 8.98 (8.42–9.65) | 6.20 (6.15–6.25)a | 7.36 (6.32–7.93)ab | 7.19 (6.37–7.66)ab |
| PINS (mIU/L) | 17.04 ± 1.04 | 16.59 ± 1.37 | 18.12 ± 1.13b | 17.62 ± 1.45b |
| FCPS (mmol/L) | 588.26 ± 4.37 | 590.84 ± 2.89 | 531.14 ± 161.08 | 709.38 ± 284.56c |
| PCPS (mmol/L) | 1305.48 (1298.32–1309.87) | 1388.76 (1383.28–1393.87)a | 1300.00 (1295.10–1305.80)b | 1513.70 (1507.60–1517.30)abc |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.57 ± 1.35 | 6.60 ± 0.85a | 6.55 ± 0.72a | 7.95 ± 0.33abc |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 60.00 (54.00–72.00) | 60.00 (51.00–73.00) | 63.00 (57.00–70.00) | 221.00 (208.00–241.00)abc |
| CHO (mmol/L) | 4.62 ± 0.41 | 5.03 ± 0.40a | 5.06 ± 0.33a | 5.44 ± 0.44abc |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 0.16 | 1.57 ± 0.05a | 1.76 ± 0.14ab | 2.11 ± 2.00abc |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.24 ± 0.19 | 3.07 ± 0.22a | 3.31 ± 0.21ab | 3.30 ± 0.25ab |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.20 ± 0.01 | 1.50 ± 0.02a | 1.00 ± 0.01ab | 0.80 ± 0.01abc |
| Ln (UACR) (mmol/L) | 2.50 ± 0.06 | 2.87 ± 0.07a | 4.88 ± 0.33ab | 7.11 ± 0.91abc |
| miR-192 (2−ΔΔCT) (ng/mg) |
1.00 ± 0.02 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.63 ± 0.01ab | 0.34 ± 0.01abc |
| TGF-β1 (ng/mL) | 6.49 ± 0.24 | 11.61 ± 0.32e | 20.35 ± 0.97ef | 28.95 ± 1.28efg |
| FN (μg/mL) | 85.67 ± 2.08 | 99.71 ± 2.65e | 166.8 ± 13.42ef | 245.83 ± 9.04efg |
a: compared with NC group, P < 0.05; b: compared with NA group, P < 0.05; c: compared with MA group, P < 0.05; e: compared with NC group, P < 0.01; f: compared with MA group, P < 0.01; g: compared with MA group, P < 0.01. “—” presents no data.
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; FBG: fasting blood glucose; PBG: postprandial blood glucose; FINS: fasting insulin; PINS: postprandial insulin; FCPS: fasting C peptides; PCPS: postprandial C peptides; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; CHO: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ln (UACR): logarithm of urine albumin creatinine ratio; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor; FN: fibronectin.