(a).

Author, year	Aim	Sample characteristics	Exercise protocols	Samples obtained	Oxidative or inflammatory main results
Akil et al. 2015 [105]	Se administration affects lipid peroxidation in liver and lung tissues of rats subjected to acute swimming exercise∗	Sprague-Dawley adult male rats divide into general control, Se-administered, swimming control, and Se-administered swimming groups	Swimming was performed once for 30 minutes	Lung tissue	PE: ↑ MDA and ↑ GSH in swimming control versus general control
Al-Hashem 2012 [106]	VitE and VitC in protection of pulmonary damage induced by exercise in altitude∗	Wistar rats with 6 months of altitude adaptation	Forced swimming for 2.5 h in glass tank at 600 and 2270 MASL in accordance with altitude adaptation	Lung tissue	PE: ↑ [TBARs], ↓ SOD, and CAT activity at 600 MASL Supplementation with VitE and VitC reversed these results
Caillaud et al. 1999 [107]	Effect of acute exercise on lipid peroxidation in lung compared with locomotor muscles∗	Wistar rats exercised (E) and control rats (C)	Race on treadmill at 28 m/min and 15% grade (80–85 VO2max) until exhaustion (~66 min)	Lung tissue	PE: no changes of pulmonary activity of SOD, CAT, and [MDA] of E in comparison to C
Cathcart et al. 2013 [108]	Effects of exercise during different ambient temperatures and humidity on eNO, eCO, and pH	Thoroughbred racehorses	Exercised under saddle on an all-weather 1.6 km track at half-pace canter, full-pace canter, or gallop according to the current training regimen for each horse	EBC and EB	PE: only ↑ pH in EBC
Hatao et al. 2006 [109]	Acute exercise and antioxidant enzyme activation in aged rats∗	Young rats (YR) or aged rats (AR) exercised (E) or not exercised control (C)	Race on treadmill at 25 m/min for YRE and 18–20 m/min for ARE for 60 min	Lung tissue	PE: ↑ Mn-SOD activity in YRE and ARE in comparison to their control subjects; ↑ CuZn-SOD and CAT activity in YRE and ↓ reactive carbonyls derivative in ARE, in comparison to their control subjects
Huang et al. 2008 [110]	Supplementation with L-Arg on pulmonary inflammation and oxidative damage induced by exercise in aged rats∗	Sprague-Dawley rats exercised (E) or sedentary (S) with L-Arg (+L-Arg) or without control rats L-Arg (C)	Race on treadmill for groups E at ~70% VO2max until exhaustion (time for E+L-Arg and EC ~63 and ~51 min, resp.)	Lung tissue	PE: ↑ [XO], ↑ [MPO], and ↑ [MDA] in EC in comparison to SC; with no changes between EC and SC for [SOD], [CAT], [GSH-Px], [GR], and [GSH]
Kirschvink et al. 2002 [13]	Oxidative state, pulmonary function, and airway inflammation in healthy horses and with arcades∗	Trained healthy horses, affected by arcades or clinical remission	Race on treadmill with 2 min to 8, 9, and 10 m/s and 4% inclination, stages interrupted by 2 jogs of 8 min to 3.5 m/s (10 min of warming up and 10 min of recovery)	BALF	PE: ↑ [UA] in healthy horses
Lin et al. 2005 [111]	Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in animals supplemented or not with L-Arg∗	Sprague-Dawley rats grouped as exercised (E) or sedentary (S) with L-Arg (+L-Arg) or control rats without L-Arg (C)	Race on treadmill for E groups at 20 m/min for 15 min and 25 m/min for 30 min; then they run at 30 m/min and 10% of inclination (70–75% VO2max) until exhaustion (EC ~81 min and E+L-Arg ~87 min)	Lung tissue	PE: ↑ activity XO and MPO in EC in comparison to SC; ↑ [UA], ↑ [NO], and ↑ [MDA] in EC in comparison to SC; ↑ activity SOD and GR in EC in comparison to SC
Mills et al. 1996 [112]	eNO and VNO during acute exercise	Healthy horses	Maximal incremental race until 9 m/s	EB	DE: positive correlation of eNO and VNO with the race intensity
Radák et al. 1998 [113]	Acute anaerobic exercise and oxidative modification of pulmonary proteins	Exercised Wistar rats (E) and sedentary control rats (C)	Two races on treadmills at 30 m/min for 5 min; after 5 min of recovery, a 3rd race to exhaustion was performed	Lung tissue	PE: >pulmonary carbonyls and [glutamine synthetase] in E versus C
Reddy et al. 1998 [114]	Pulmonary oxidative damage by acute strenuous exercise in rats deficient in Se and VitE	Female Wistar albino rats deficient in Se and VitE and control rats	Intense swimming to exhaustion	Lung tissue	PE: >[SOD] and <[GSH-Px] and <[GST] in rats deficient in VitE and in comparison to control rats
Prigol et al. 2009 [115]	Supplementation with (PhSe)2 and pulmonary oxidative damage caused by the exercise	Adult Swiss albino mice supplemented with (PhSe)2 and not supplemented control mice	Swimming exercise (20 min) for both groups after 7 d of supplementation	Lung tissue	PE: ↑ [MDA] and ↑ of CAT activity in mice not supplemented with (PhSe)2
Terblanche 1999 [116]	Exhaustive swimming and CAT activity in the lungs of male and female rats∗	Sprague-Dawley rats	1 h swimming	Lung tissue	PE: ↑ CAT activity in males and females

BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; CAT: catalase; (PhSe)₂: diphenyl diselenide; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: glutathione reduced; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; L-Arg: L-arginine; MASL: meters above sea level; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; NO: nitric oxide; Se: selenium; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CuZn-SOD: copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase; Mn-SOD: manganese-superoxide dismutase; TBARs: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; UA: uric acid; VNO: volume of nitric oxide; XO: xanthine oxidase; VitE: vitamin E; VitC: vitamin C. In “Oxidative or inflammatory main results,” DE: during exercise and PE: postexercise. In “Aim,” ^∗the effect of exercise was not the primary aim of study.