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. 2016 Feb 1;16:46. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1386-5

Table 3.

Diagnostic value of lactate at admission and a combination of clinical fluid accumulation with lactate at admission

Cutoff value The 2009 WHO definitions Sensitivity
(95 % CI)
Specificity
(95 % CI)
PPV
(95 % CI)
NPV
(95 % CI)
LR+
(95 % CI)
LR–
(95 % CI)
Severe (n = 20) Non-severe (n = 105)
Lactate at admission (mmol/L)
  ≥ 1.0 mmol/L 19 96 95.0
(75.1–99.9)
8.6
(4.0–15.6)
16.5
(10.2–24.6)
90.0
(55.5–99.8)
1.0
(0.9–1.2)
0.6
(0.1–4.4)
  ≥ 1.5 mmol/L 18 51 90.0
(68.3–98.8)
51.4
(41.5–61.3)
26.1
(16.2–38.1)
96.4
(87.7–99.6)
1.8
(1.4–2.4)
0.2
(0.1–0.7)
  ≥ 2.0 mmol/L 14 15 70.0
(45.7–88.1)
85.7
(77.5– 91.8)
48.3
(29.4–67.47)
93.8
(86.9–97.7)
4.9
(2.8–8.5)
0.4
(0.2–0.7)
  ≥ 2.5 mmol/L 13 4 65.0
(40.8–84.6)
96.2
(90.5–99.0)
76.5
(50.1–93.2)
93.5
(87.1–97.4)
17.1
(6.2–47.0)
0.4
(0.2–0.7)
Clinical fluid accumulation and/or lactate at admission (mmol/L)
  ≥ 1.0 mmol/L 20 96 100.0
(83.2–100.0)
8.6
(4.0-15.6)
17.2
(10.9–25.4)
100.0
(66.4–100.0)
1.1
(1.0–1.2)
0
  ≥ 1.5 mmol/L 20 55 100.0
(83.2–100.0)
47.6
(37.8–57.6)
26.7
(17.1–38.1)
100.0
(92.9–100.0)
1.9
(1.6–2.3)
0
  ≥ 2.0 mmol/L 18 22 90.0
(68.3–98.8)
79.1
(70.0–86.4)
45.0
(29.3–61.5)
97.6
(91.8–99.7)
4.3
(2.9–6.4)
0.1
(0–0.5)
  ≥ 2.5 mmol/L 18 13 90.0
(68.3–98.8)
87.6
(79.8–93.2)
58.1
(39.1–75.4)
97.9
(92.5–99.7)
7.3
(4.3–12.3)
0.1
(0–0.4)

WHO World Health Organization; CI confidence interval; PPV positive predictive value; NPV negative predictive value; LR+ positive likelihood ratio; LR– negative likelihood ratio