Table 3.
Cutoff value | The 2009 WHO definitions | Sensitivity (95 % CI) |
Specificity (95 % CI) |
PPV (95 % CI) |
NPV (95 % CI) |
LR+ (95 % CI) |
LR– (95 % CI) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe (n = 20) | Non-severe (n = 105) | |||||||
Lactate at admission (mmol/L) | ||||||||
≥ 1.0 mmol/L | 19 | 96 | 95.0 (75.1–99.9) |
8.6 (4.0–15.6) |
16.5 (10.2–24.6) |
90.0 (55.5–99.8) |
1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
0.6 (0.1–4.4) |
≥ 1.5 mmol/L | 18 | 51 | 90.0 (68.3–98.8) |
51.4 (41.5–61.3) |
26.1 (16.2–38.1) |
96.4 (87.7–99.6) |
1.8 (1.4–2.4) |
0.2 (0.1–0.7) |
≥ 2.0 mmol/L | 14 | 15 | 70.0 (45.7–88.1) |
85.7 (77.5– 91.8) |
48.3 (29.4–67.47) |
93.8 (86.9–97.7) |
4.9 (2.8–8.5) |
0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
≥ 2.5 mmol/L | 13 | 4 | 65.0 (40.8–84.6) |
96.2 (90.5–99.0) |
76.5 (50.1–93.2) |
93.5 (87.1–97.4) |
17.1 (6.2–47.0) |
0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
Clinical fluid accumulation and/or lactate at admission (mmol/L) | ||||||||
≥ 1.0 mmol/L | 20 | 96 | 100.0 (83.2–100.0) |
8.6 (4.0-15.6) |
17.2 (10.9–25.4) |
100.0 (66.4–100.0) |
1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
0 |
≥ 1.5 mmol/L | 20 | 55 | 100.0 (83.2–100.0) |
47.6 (37.8–57.6) |
26.7 (17.1–38.1) |
100.0 (92.9–100.0) |
1.9 (1.6–2.3) |
0 |
≥ 2.0 mmol/L | 18 | 22 | 90.0 (68.3–98.8) |
79.1 (70.0–86.4) |
45.0 (29.3–61.5) |
97.6 (91.8–99.7) |
4.3 (2.9–6.4) |
0.1 (0–0.5) |
≥ 2.5 mmol/L | 18 | 13 | 90.0 (68.3–98.8) |
87.6 (79.8–93.2) |
58.1 (39.1–75.4) |
97.9 (92.5–99.7) |
7.3 (4.3–12.3) |
0.1 (0–0.4) |
WHO World Health Organization; CI confidence interval; PPV positive predictive value; NPV negative predictive value; LR+ positive likelihood ratio; LR– negative likelihood ratio