Table 3.

Impact of biomarkers on radiographic and erosive progression (ΔSvH ≥5 and ΔErosion ≥5)

		ΔSvH ≥ 5		ΔErosion ≥ 5
Baseline variables	Total, number	at 60 m, number (%)	RR (95 % CI) from GEE over time	at 60 m, number (%)	RR (95 % CI) from GEE over time
14-3-3η, ng/ml
<0.19	169	73 (43.2)	1	48 (28.4)	1
0.19–0.50	31	12 (38.7)	0.86 (0.52–1.43)	10 (32.3)	0.93 (0.51–1.70)
≥0.50	115	74 (64.3)	1.57 (1.24–1.97) ***	60 (52.2)	2.01 (1.49–2.72) ***
14-3-3η, ng/ml
<0.19	169	73 (43.2)	1	48 (28.4)	1
≥0.19	146	86 (58.9)	1.40 (1.11–1.77) **	70 (47.9)	1.77 (1.31–2.38) ***
14-3-3η, ng/ml
<0.50	200	85 (42.5)	1	58 (29.0)	1
≥0.50	115	74 (64.3)	1.60 (1.28–2.00) ***	60 (52.2)	2.04 (1.53–2.70) ***
Age, years
<65	198	81 (40.9)	1	62 (31.3)	1
≥65	117	78 (66.7)	1.71 (1.36–2.13) ***	56 (47.9)	1.51 (1.13–2.01) **
C-reactive protein, mg/L
≤8.0	117	51 (43.6)	1	30 (25.6)	1
>8.0	198	108 (54.5)	1.46 (1.12–1.90) **	88 (44.4)	1.87 (1.31–2.66) ***
Anti-CCP2 status
Negative	190	85 (44.7)	1	59 (31.1)	1
Positive	125	74 (59.2)	1.44 (1.14–1.80) **	59 (47.2)	1.74 (1.31–2.33) ***
RF ≥40 IU/ml
Negative	176	76 (43.2)	1	51 (29.0)	1
Positive	139	83 (59.7)	1.51 (1.20–1.90) ***	67 (48.2)	2.02 (1.50–2.72) ***
Anti-Sa status
Negative	246	110 (44.7)	1	76 (30.9)	1
Positive	69	49 (71.0)	1.72 (1.38–2.14) ***	42 (60.9)	2.22 (1.69–2.92) ***
RF or anti-CCP2 positive
Negative	157	67 (42.7)	1	44 (28.0)	1
Positive	158	92 (58.2)	1.53 (1.21–1.94) ***	74 (46.8)	2.02 (1.47–2.76) ***
14-3-3η ≥0.50 ng/ml and age ≥65 years
Both negative	117	34 (29.1)	1	24 (20.5)	1
One positive	164	98 (59.8)	2.35 (1.71–3.23) ***	72 (43.9)	2.40 (1.61–3.57) ***
Both positive	34	27 (79.4)	2.96 (2.07–4.24) ***	22 (64.7)	3.46 (2.21–5.42) ***
14-3-3η ≥0.50 and C-reactive protein >8.0 mg/L
Both negative	73	28 (38.4)	1	16 (21.9)	1
One positive	171	80 (46.8)	1.25 (0.88–1.76)	56 (32.7)	1.58 (0.97–2.58)
Both positive	71	51 (71.8)	2.21 (1.58–3.09) ***	46 (64.8)	3.48 (2.17–5.56) ***
14-3-3η ≥0.50 ng/ml and anti-CCP2
Both negative	163	68 (41.7)	1	45 (27.6)	1
One positive	64	34 (53.1)	1.4 (1.04–1.89) *	27 (42.2)	1.74 (1.19–2.54) **
Both positive	88	57 (64.8)	1.7 (1.32–2.20) ***	46 (52.3)	2.27 (1.62–3.16) ***
14-3-3η ≥0.50 ng/ml and RF
Both negative	165	69 (41.8)	1	44 (26.7)	1
One positive	46	23 (50.0)	1.31 (0.93–1.86)	21 (45.7)	1.80 (1.19–2.72) **
Both positive	104	67 (64.4)	1.68 (1.32–2.15) ***	53 (51.0)	2.32 (1.67–3.22) ***
14-3-3η ≥ 0.50 ng/ml and anti-Sa
Both negative	185	75 (40.5)	1	51 (27.6)	1
One positive	76	45 (59.2)	1.36 (1.03–1.79) *	32 (42.1)	1.64 (1.15–2.34) **
Both positive	54	39 (72.2)	2.02 (1.57–2.59) ***	35 (64.8)	2.80 (2.04–3.85) ***
14-3-3η ≥ 0.50, “RF and/or anti-CCP2”
Both negative	152	64 (42.1)	1	41 (27)	1
One positive	110	71 (64.5)	1.23 (0.87–1.74)	57 (51.8)	1.59 (1.04–2.44) *
Both positive	53	24 (45.3)	1.71 (1.33–2.19) ***	20 (37.7)	2.34 (1.67–3.27) ***
14-3-3η ≥ 0.50, Age ≥65, C-reactive protein >8.0
All negative	43	11 (25.6)	1	7 (16.3)	1
Only C-reactive protein positive	74	23 (31.1)	1.25 (0.67–2.32)	17 (23.0)	1.54 (0.71–3.36)
Only 14-3-3η positive	34	16 (47.1)	1.87 (0.97–3.60)	10 (29.4)	2.18 (0.94–5.06)
Only age positive	30	17 (56.7)	2.41 (1.31–4.43) **	9 (30.0)	2.06 (0.86–4.89)
Only C-reactive protein and age positive	53	34 (64.2)	2.97 (1.71–5.18) ***	25 (47.2)	3.27 (1.59–6.71) **
Only 14-3-3η and C-reactive protein- positive	47	31 (66.0)	3.21 (1.85–5.59) ***	28 (59.6)	4.65 (2.33–9.29) ***
Only 14-3-3η and age-positive	10	7 (70.0)	2.22 (1.02–4.84) *	4 (40.0)	2.47 (0.85–7.17)
All positive	24	20 (83.3)	3.90 (2.25–6.78) ***	18 (75.0)	5.49 (2.73–11.08) ***

*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001. ΔSvH progression in the total Sharp score modified by van der Heijde, ΔErosion progression in the erosion component of the Sharp score modified by van der Heijde, GEE general estimating equation, RF rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP2 antibodies to citrullinated peptides, second generation