Table 1.
Age-adjusted Death Rates and Potential Life Years Lost for All causes, Heart Disease, and Cerebrovascular Disease by Race as well as Heart Disease Prevalence by SES between and within Racial/Ethnic Populations
| Age-adjusted Death Rate (per 100,000) in 2010 (1) | |||||||||
| Black | White | ||||||||
| All causes | 898.2 | 741.8 | |||||||
| Heart disease | 224.9 | 176.9 | |||||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 53.0 | 37.7 | |||||||
| Years of Potential Life Lost before Age 75 Years (per 100,000) in 2010 (1) | |||||||||
| Black | White | ||||||||
| All causes | 9,832.5 | 6,342.8 | |||||||
| Heart disease | 1,691.1 | 900.9 | |||||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 358.1 | 142.7 | |||||||
| Relative Risk by Education and Income within Racial/Ethnic Population (6) | |||||||||
|
Relative Risk compared to 12 Years of Education |
Relative Risk compared to $20,000–$29,999 |
||||||||
| ≤ 8 years | 9–11 | 13+ | <$10,000 | $10,000–19,000 | ≥ $30,000 | Foreign | |||
| Heart disease prevalence | |||||||||
| Longitudinal Study of Aging | |||||||||
| White (N=7,003) | 1.17* | 1.20* | 0.83 | 1.26* | 0.98 | 0.92 | |||
| Black (N=888) | 1.40 | 0.81 | 1.91 | 1.01 | 1.28 | 1.34 | |||
| Hispanic (N=315) | 1.15 | 0.81 | 0.90 | 1.48 | 0.91 | 1.17 | 1.03 | ||
| AHEAD 70+ | |||||||||
| White (N=5,896) | 1.33* | 1.23* | 1.00 | 1.31* | 1.19* | 1.03 | |||
| Black (N=1,023) | 2.26* | 1.90* | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.94 | 1.09 | |||
| Hispanic (N=406) | 1.09 | 1.36 | 1.08 | 2.69 | 1.63 | 2.22 | 1.35 | ||
| HRS 51–61 | |||||||||
| White (N=5,936) | 1.21 | 1.39* | 0.89 | 1.49* | 1.12 | 0.81* | |||
| Black (N=1,483) | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 2.21* | 1.04 | 0.80 | |||
| Hispanic (N=772) | 1.39 | 1.31 | 1.03 | 2.41 | 1.77 | 1.18 | 1.16 | ||
| Relative Risk by Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Income (6) | |||||||||
| Relative to Non-Hispanic Whites |
Relative to 12 Years of Education |
Relative to $20,000–$29,999 | |||||||
| Blacks |
U.S.-born Hispanics |
Foreign- born Hispanics |
≤ 8 Yrs | 9–11 | 13+ | <$10,000 |
$10,000– $19,999 |
≥$30,000 | |
| Heart disease prevalence | |||||||||
| Longitudinal Study of Aging 70+ | |||||||||
| N=8,333 (1) | 0.81* | 0.88 | 0.91 | ||||||
| N=8,206 (2) | 0.74* | 0.82 | 0.82 | 1.24 | 1.18 | 0.85 | |||
| N=8,206 (3) | 0.71* | 0.81 | 0.86 | 1.19* | 1.15 | 0.86 | 1.24* | 1.00 | 0.93 |
| AHEAD 70+ | |||||||||
| N=7,342 (1) | 0.76* | 0.75 | 0.58* | ||||||
| N=7,342 (2) | 0.67* | 0.63* | 0.49* | 1.43* | 1.29* | 0.98 | |||
| N=7,342 (3) | 0.66* | 0.62* | 0.48* | 1.39* | 1.27* | 1.00 | 1.26* | 1.17 | 1.04 |
| HRS 51–61 | |||||||||
| N=9,456 (1) | 1.16 | 0.67 | 0.71 | ||||||
| N=9,456 (2) | 1.06 | 0.59* | 0.60* | 1.32 | 1.35* | 0.85* | |||
| N=9,456 (3) | 0.95 | 0.55* | 0.56* | 1.13 | 1.24* | 0.89 | 1.72* | 1.23 | 0.83* |
Equation 1=Relative risk adjusted for age and sex without control for SES
Equation 2=Relative risk adjusted for age, sex, and 4 categories of education
Equation 3= Relative risk adjusted for age, sex, 4 categories of education, and income
*
Significant at 0.05 level or below.
Data sources: Health 2013, United States. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus13.pdf. Accessed October 2014
Anderson NB, RA; Cohen B. 2004. Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press