Table 2.
Italian Maternal Drinking Characteristics & Behavior Before and During Pregnancy by FASD Child Diagnosis, Randomly-Selected Controls, and Community Mothers
| Maternal Drinking Variable | Mothers of Children with FASD (n = 39) |
Mothers of R-S Control Children (n = 108) |
Community Mothers (n = 749) |
Test Score |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||||
| Age first tried alcohol | 16.4 (6.8) | 14.9 (5.9) | 15.6 (5.3) | F=81 | .444 |
| Age first began drinking regularly | 20.1 (5.1) | 22.2 (6.8) | 20.6 (5.4) | F=2.81 | .061 |
| No. yrs consuming alcohol | 13.7 (9.6) | 10.3 (8.7) | 10.5 (9.7) | F=2.11 | .122 |
| Percent consuming alcohol anytime in life | 76.9 | 76.4 | 64.7 | χ2=7.85 | .020 |
| Percent consuming alcohol anytime in last year | 71.8 | 74.5 | 63.3 | χ2=6.13 | .047 |
| No. drinks consumed per month (current) | 14.5 (40.2) | 6.6 (12.0) | 4.9 (9.7) | F=10.72 | .000a |
| No. drinks consumed per week (current) | 3.5 (9.5) | 1.5 (2.8) | 1.3 (2.6) | F=8.27 | .000a |
| Current drinking companions (%) | χ2=29.3 | .001 | |||
| Alone | 0.0 | 2.8 | 1.0 | ||
| Partner | 0.0 | 20.8 | 12.9 | ||
| Friends/relatives | 19.2 | 20.8 | 22.0 | ||
| Alone & w/ partner | 7.7 | 2.8 | 0.5 | ||
| Alone, w/ partner & friends/ relatives | 11.5 | 1.4 | 2.7 | ||
| Partner & friends/relatives | 61.5 | 51.4 | 61.0 | ||
| Alcohol problems in family (% Yes) | 26.3 | 5.6 | 11.8 | χ2=11.74 | .003 |
| Quantity/Frequency | |||||
| Total # of standard drinks per day 3 months before pregnancy, Mean (SD) |
.94 (1.65) | .63 (.76) | .54 (.72) | F=5.03 | .007 |
| Average # of standard drinks per week during pregnancy, Mean (SD) |
1.12 (3.20) | .49 (1.76) | .66 (2.20) | F=1.15 | .317 |
| Drinks consumed per drinking day during pregnancy, Mean (SD) |
.44 (.60) | .31 (.52) | .27 (.51) | F=1.98 | .139 |
| Binge, 3 drinks per occasion during pregnancy (% Yes) |
5.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | χ2=5.70 | .058 |
| Binge, 3 drinks per occasion, current (% Yes) | 10.3 | 6.5 | 4.3 | χ2=3.67 | .160 |
| Timing | |||||
| Drinks consumed per drinking day, 1st trimester Mean (SD) |
.32 (.51) | .23 (.45) | .22 (.56) | F=59 | .553 |
| Drinks consumed per drinking day, 2nd trimester Mean (SD) |
.37 (.53) | .22 (.44) | .21 (.42) | F=2.80 | .061 |
| Drinks consumed per drinking day, 3rd trimester Mean (SD) |
.36 (.54) | .22 (.44) | .20 (.42) | F=2.59 | .076 |
a
Dunnett’s C Post Hoc Comparison at p = .05 level (one-tailed) shows significant difference between FASD vs. Community groups