TABLE 2.

Details of Boundary and Nonboundary Pauses within Discourse Samples

Location	Subcategory	Description
Boundary pauses	Main clause	Pauses located before sentences that can stand alone including simple sentences (e.g.,/I have a daughter), coordinate clauses (e.g., I have a daughter/and my sister has a son), and subject-implied coordinate clauses (e.g., I have a daughter/and a son).
	Subordinate clause	Pauses located before sentences that cannot stand by itself including adjective, adverbial, and noun clauses (e.g., She called me/when I was at work.)
	Prepositional phrase	Pauses located before prepositional phrases (e.g., We had a woman/from a state agency.)
	Infinitive/participial Phrase	Pauses located before participial (e.g., I started/making conversation) or infinitive phrases (e.g., I went there/to look around.)
	Fragment	Pauses located before a word or word string failed to be included in above mentioned syntactic boundaries, but acting like a independent phrase, or a sentence (e.g.,/Yes).
	Filled pauses located at boundary location	Pauses located before filled pauses followed by above mentioned syntactic boundaries (e.g., She called me/um when I was at work.).
Nonboundary pauses	Lexical	Pauses located before content words including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs (e.g., I/transfer them to DVD).
	Repetition	Pauses located before syllable, word, or phrase repetitions (e.g., I took group to/to to to to Europe)
	Revision	Pause located before word or phrase revision (e.g., My younger brother works at uh retail/retailing).
	Block/prolongation	Pauses located before block or prolongation.
	Within unit	Pauses located before within a unit that does not apply to any of above-mentioned nonboundary categories (e.g., I transfer/them to DVD)
	Filled pauses located at nonboundary location	Pauses located before filled pauses followed by above mentioned nonsyntactic boundaries (e.g. I also like/uh astronomy in general)