(a) Nogo-B and β-Gal expression in uninfected (UI), Ad-Ng-B, and Ad-β-Gal-infected [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 100 or 500] porcine VSMCs (PVSMCs). Bar =10 μm. (b) Nogo-B does not affect VSMC death, as demonstrated using a trypan blue exclusion assay. (c–e) Nogo-B blocks VSMC viability in proliferating cells, but not (f) in quiescent cells. (e) This was shown to occur in a dose-dependent manner. Mean value ± SEM of triplicates. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus Ad-β-Gal. MVSMC, murine VSMC; PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB.