Table 2.
Regulatory roles of lncRNAs in different stem cells.
| LncRNA | Stem cell types | Regulations and functions |
|---|---|---|
| AK028326 | ESCs | Transcriptionally regulated by Oct4 and Nanog |
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| AK141205 | ESCs | A coactivator of Oct4 |
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| RMST | ESCs | Involved in pluripotency maintenance and interacting with SOX2 and SUZ12 |
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| HERVH | ESCs | Function as nuclear lncRNAs with associations with OCT4, coactivators such as p300 and Mediator subunits |
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| SOX2OT | ESCs | Modulate pluripotency through the regulation of SOX2 expression |
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| Linc-RoR | ESCs, iPSCs | Function as microRNA sponge to prevent mRNA of some key transcription factors |
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| Xist | ESCs, iPSCs | An epigenetic regulator of X chromosome inactivation |
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| Blnc1 | MSCs | Highly induced during brown and beige adipogenesis and form a feed-forward regulatory loop with EBF2 to regulate adipocyte gene expression |
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| Fendrr | MSCs | Interact directly with the PRC2 and/or TrxG/MLL complexes and act as a modulator of chromatin signatures defining gene activity in embryonic development |
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| Braveheart | MSCs | An epigenetic factor, required for the progression of nascent mesoderm towards a cardiac fate by interacting with SUZ12 |
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| Linc-MD1 | MSCs | Promote the switch of muscle differentiation from early to later stages by acting as miR-133 and miR-135 sponge |
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| YAM-1 | MSCs | Affect myogenesis via epigenetic transcriptional activation |
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| HOTAIR | ASCs, CSCs | Bind both the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and the LSD1/CoREST/REST complex and thus modulate histone modifications on target genes |
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| ANCR | ASCs | Essential for the undifferentiated state |
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| TINCR | ASCs | Interact with mRNAs of many differentiation genes such as KRT80 and RNA-binding protein STAU1 to mediate mRNA stabilization through binding TINCR box |
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| Six3os | ASCs | Play crucial roles in the lineage specification of adult stem cells |
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| Dlx1as | ASCs | Play crucial roles in the lineage specification of adult stem cells |
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| Pnky | ASCs | Interact with the splicing regulator PTBP1 and regulate the expression and alternative splicing |
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| HIF2PUT | CSCs | A regulatory role through HIF-2α |
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| lncTCF7 | CSCs | Recruit the SWI/SNF complex and further activated the Wnt signaling to promote self-renewal of liver CSCs and tumor propagation |
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| MALAT-1 | CSCs | Serve as an oncogenic lncRNA in pancreatic cancer by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stimulating the expression of self-renewal factors such as Sox2 |
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| H19 | CSCs | Primary transcript of a microRNA miR-675; processing of H19 into miR-675 is also regulated by HuR |
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| Linc00617 | CSCs | Function as a key regulator of EMT and promote cancer progression and metastasis via activating the transcription of Sox2 |