Table 3.
Number of T2DM patients (%) with relevant contraindications and glucose-lowering agents prescribed (alone or in combination). Percentages indicate the proportion of patients treated with each NAID with respect to the total number of patients with the condition.
| Condition | Total patients with the condition | Metformin (n = 225,753) |
Sulfonylureas (n = 79,742) |
Meglitinides (n = 16,941) |
AGIs (n = 1,877) |
Pioglitazone (n = 3,290) |
DPP4i (n = 39,682) |
GLP-1ra (n = 2,374) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renal failure∗
(GFR < 60 mL/min), n (%) |
40,666 (20.1) | 31,727 (78.0) | 12,695 (31.2) | 5,019 (12.3) | 381 (0.9) | 514 (1.3) | 6,559 (16.1) | 198 (0.5) |
|
| ||||||||
| Severe renal failure∗
(GFR < 30 mL/min), n (%) |
2,014 (1.0) | 711 (35.3) | 545 (22.5) | 769 (38.1) | 21 (1.0) | 31 (1.5) | 468 (23.2) | 9 (0.4) |
|
| ||||||||
| Heart failure, n (%) | 13,276 (5.2) | 9,711 (73.1) | 4,266 (32.1) | 1,698 (12.8) | 120 (0.9) | 82 (0.6) | 2,063 (15.5) | 113 (0.8) |
|
| ||||||||
| Heart failure (NYHA functional stage)†, n (%) |
||||||||
| Class I | 938 | 761 (81.1) | 285 (30.4) | 88 (9.4) | 6 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 161 (17.2) | 6 (0.6) |
| Class II | 2,300 | 1,720 (74.8) | 705 (30.7) | 283 (12.3) | 21 (0.9) | 14 (0.6) | 353 (15.3) | 30 (1.3) |
| Class III | 1,118 | 758 (67.8) | 321 (28.7) | 197 (17.6) | 9 (0.8) | 5 (0.4) | 163 (14.6) | 11 (1.0) |
| Class IV | 104 | 63 (60.6) | 28 (26.9) | 18 (17.3) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.0) | 16 (15.4) | 1 (1.0) |
|
| ||||||||
| Liver dysfunction, n (%) | 1,447 (0.6) | 1,140 (78.8) | 402 (27.8) | 114 (7.9) | 12 (0.8) | 7 (0.5) | 221 (15.3) | 14 (1.0) |
|
| ||||||||
| Bladder cancer, n (%) | 3,073 (1.2) | 2,573 (83.7) | 953 (31.0) | 277 (9.0) | 23 (0.7) | 33 (1.1) | 484 (15.8) | 11 (0.4) |
∗Out of 195,674 patients with available GFR records.
†Out of 4,458 patients with available New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification records.
AGI: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; DPP4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; GLP-1ra: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.