Table 1.
Completed MSC-based randomized clinical trials for ischemic heart disease therapy registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
| Cell | Phase | Condition | Cell delivery route | Basis of trial design | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous BM-MSCs | II/III | AMI | Intracoronary | Repairing the damaged myocardium via paracrine signaling | Autologous BM-MSCs are safe and provide modest improvement in LVEF | [102] |
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| Auto-hMSCs and allo-hMSCs | I/II | CILVD | Transendocardial | Prevention remodeling of the ventricle and reduction of infarct size | Alloimmune reactions of allogeneic MSCs injection are low and improved functions are observed | [103] |
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| ||||||
| Autologous BM-MSCs | I/II | Heart attack | Intramyocardial | Repair and restore heart function by reducing fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, and neomyogenesis | Autologous BM-MSCs could reduce scar, enhance regional function, and improve tissue perfusion | [29] |
|
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| Allogeneic BM-MSCs | I | MI | Intravenous | Transdifferentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes | Intravenous allogeneic hMSCs are safe in patients after AMI | [104] |
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| ||||||
| Allogeneic BM- MSCs | I/II | MI | Intravenous | Transdifferentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes and production of new blood vessels | Intravenous infusion of allogeneic BM-MSCs is safe and well-tolerated in AMI patients | [105] |
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| WJ-MSCs | II | STEMI | Intracoronary | Transdifferentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes | Intracoronary infusion of WJ-MSCs is safe and effective in patients with AMI | [106] |
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| ||||||
| Autologous MSCs and BMCs | I/II | LVD | Transendocardial | Stimulation of endogenous cardiac stem cells by MSCs | Transendocardial injection with MSCs or BMCs appeared to be safe for patients with ICM and LVD | [107, 108] |
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| AD-MSCs | II | CMI | Not special | Angiogenesis | — | — |
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| Autologous BM-MSC | I/II | CHF | Intramyocardial | Development of new myocardium and blood vessels | Intramyocardial injections of autologous culture expanded MSCs were safe and improved myocardial function | [109, 110] |
Notes. BM-MSCs: bone-marrow-derived human MSCs; WJ-MSCs: umbilical Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell; AD-MSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; auto-hMSCs: autologous human mesenchymal stem cells; allo-hMSCs: allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells; BMCs: bone marrow mononuclear cells; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial Infarction; ICM: chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy; CMI: chronic myocardial ischemia; IHF: ischemic heart failure; CHF: congestive heart failure; and CILVD: chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.