Table 1.
Main histological findings and immunohistochemistry profile in the tumors generated.
| Cell origin | Clone | myc during reprogramming | Teratoma | Malignant GCT | Immunohistochemistry | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ectoderm | Mesoderm | Endoderm | EC | YST | MYC | SALL4 | OCT4 | CD30 | PLAP | GPC3 | AFP | |||
| Human ESC | ES 5 | No | NE rosettes, pigmented epithelium | Cartilage | Glands | — | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human ESC | S053 | No | NE rosettes, pigmented epithelium | Cartilage | Glands | <5% EC-like | — | 30% EC-like 1+ | EC-like 3+ 10% TE 1+ |
Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | ND | ND |
| Human hepatocytes | OKS1 | No | Nerves, rare NE rosettes | Bone, adipose tissue | Glands, 10% liver | 10% | — | 60% EC 1+ | EC 3+ 10% TE 3+ |
EC 3+ | EC 1+ | Neg. | 20% EC 1+ 30% TE 3+ |
Fetal hepatocytes 2+ |
| Human hepatocytes | OKSM11 | Yes | — | — | — | 100% | — | Diffuse 2+ | Diffuse 3+ | 90% 3+ | 90% 3+ | 90% 2+/3+ | 5% 3+ | Neg. |
| Human hepatocytes | OKSM12 | Yes | — | Minute foci immature mesenchyme | — | 95% | 5% | Diffuse 1+/2+ | Diffuse 3+ | 90% 3+ | 90% 2+/3+ | 70% 2+/3+ | YST 3+ | YST 3+ |
| Human hepatocytes | OKSM2 | Yes | — | — | — | 100% | — | Diffuse 3+ | Diffuse 3+ | Diffuse 3+ | 30% 2+ | 60% 2+ | 2+ 10% | Neg. |
| Human hepatocytes | OKSM5 | Yes | NE rosettes, pigmented epithelium | Bone, cartilage | Glands | 10% | 5% | EC 3+ | EC & YST 3+ 10% TE 2+ |
EC 3+ | EC 2+/3+ | EC 3+ | YST 3+ | YST 3+ |
| Human hepatocytes | IH1-1 | Yes | — | Foci immature mesenchyme | — | ~100% | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human hepatocytes | IH5-1B | Yes | Rare NE rosettes, pigmented epithelium | Bone, cartilage | Glands | 40%–60% | — | EC 2+/3+ | EC 3+ | EC 2+ | 70% EC 2+ | 90% EC 2+/3+ | 20% EC 1+ 5% TE 2+ | Neg. |
| Human fibroblasts | iFS21 | Yes | Very rare NE rosettes | Smooth muscle | Glands | — | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human fibroblasts | iFS22 | Yes | Very rare NE rosettes, immature neuroglia | Smooth muscle | Digestive tract segments | — | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human fibroblasts | ICCL | Yes | NE rosettes, neuroglia | Smooth muscle, cartilage | Glands | — | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human CD34+ cells | iPS 2 | No | NE rosettes, neuroglia | Cartilage | Glands | — | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human CD34+ cells | iPS 6 | No | Rare NE rosettes | Minute foci immature mesenchyme | — | >90% | 5% | EC 1+/2+ | EC & YST 3+ | EC 3+ | 40% EC 1+ | 20% EC 2+ | YST 3+ | YST 3+ |
| Human CD34+ cells | iPS 43 | No | NE rosettes | Mesenchymal cells | Glands | — | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Mouse hepatocytes | hep1 p10 | Stably integrated | Neuroglia | Smooth muscle | Pancreas, glands, squamous epithelium | 5% | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Mouse hepatocytes | hep2 p10 | Stably integrated | Neuroglia | Smooth muscle, cartilage | Glands, squamous epithelium | 5–10% | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Mouse hepatocytes | hep3 p8 | Stably integrated | Neuroglia | Smooth muscle | Glands, squamous epithelium | 5% | — | 10% EC 1+ 1% EC 2+ |
EC 2+/3+ | 30% EC 2+ | NCR | NCR | Neg. | NCR |
| Mouse HSC | hem1 p11 | Stably integrated | Neuroglia | Striated & smooth muscle, cartilage, adipose tissue | Pancreas, glands, squamous epithelium | 5–10% | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Mouse HSC | hem2 p11 | Stably integrated | Neuroglia, pigmented epithelium | Striated & smooth muscle, cartilage, adipose tissue | Pancreas, glands, squamous epithelium | 5–10% | — | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Mouse HSC | hem3 p10 | Stably integrated | Neuroglia, pigmented epithelium | Striated & smooth muscle, cartilage | Pancreas, liver, glands, squamous epithelium | 5–10% | — | 10% EC 1+ | EC 3+ 5% TE 1+/2+ |
30% EC 2+ | NCR | NCR | Striated muscle 1+ | NCR |
EC = embryonal carcinoma.
YST = yolk sac tumor.
ND = not done.
NCR = no expected antibody cross-reaction with murine tissues.
HSC = hematopoietic stem cells.