Table 3.
Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings and biomarkers of LM (n = 25)
| Variables | Number of patients, n (%) |
|---|---|
| Echocardiography | |
| Wall motion abnormalities | |
| Segmental hypokinesia of LV | 4 (16) |
| Segmental to global hypokinesia of LV | 3 (12) |
| Mild global hypokinesia of LV | 3 (12) |
| Moderate global hypokinesia of LV | 9 (36) |
| Severe global hypokinesia of LV | 3 (12) |
| Global hypokinesia of both ventricles | 3 (12) |
| LVEF | |
| <30% | 4 (8) |
| 30–39% | 7 (28) |
| 40–49% | 12 (48) |
| ≥50% | 2 (8) |
| Chamber enlargement | |
| Left atrial enlargement | 2 (8) |
| LV enlargement | 2 (8) |
| Left atrial and ventricular enlargement | 7 (28) |
| Whole heart enlargement | 4 (16) |
| Valvular abnormality | 16 (64) |
| Increased echogenicity or thickening | 5 (20) |
| Functional regurgitation | 14 (56) |
| Pericardial effusion | |
| Mild | 17 (68) |
| Moderate | 4 (16) |
| Electrocardiography | |
| Sinus tachycardia | 20 (80) |
| T wave change | 16 (64) |
| Atrial premature beat | 2 (8) |
| Ventricular premature beat | 1 (4) |
| Q-T prolong | 1 (4) |
| LBBB with ventricular fibrillation | 1 (4) |
| III atrioventricular block | 1 (4) |
| Serous biomarker | |
| Elevated CK | 5/23 (22) |
| Elevated CKMB | 5/22 (23) |
| Elevated cTnI | 11/20 (55) |
| Elevated BNP | 7/7 (100) |
| Elevated NT-proBNP | 9/9 (100) |
LM: Lupus myocarditis; LV: Left ventricle; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; CK: Creatine kinase; cTnI: Cardiac troponin I; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LBBB: Left bundle branch block; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-myocardial band.