Table 2.

Significance of circulating levels of TNF-α, L-Selectin, and VCAM-1 in patients with benign thyroid diseases and PTC.

Subjects	TNF-α		L-Selectin		VCAM-1
	M ± SE (pg/mL)	P	M ± SE (pg/mL)	P	M ± SE (pg/mL)	P
Healthy individuals (N = 67)	2.16 ± 0.37		11.87 ± 4.38		161.90 ± 30.02
Benign thyroid diseases (N = 67)	14.45 ± 1.95	<0.001∗	2064.13 ± 104.09	<0.001∗	771.48 ± 42.83	<0.001∗
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (N = 83)	49.37 ± 11.73	<0.001†	3028.03 ± 202.26	<0.001†	777.91 ± 39.36	<0.001†
		0.009‡		<0.001‡		0.912‡

^∗Significance between benign thyroid diseases and healthy individuals.

^†Significance between PTC and healthy individuals.

^‡Significance between PTC and benign thyroid diseases.