ES‐62 modulates cellular infiltration of the joints of mice with CIA. A, Numbers of infiltrating cells in the joints of PBS‐treated mice with CIA (n = 28) and ES‐62–treated mice with CIA (n = 22), numbers of CD11b+Gr1+ cells in the joints of PBS‐treated mice with CIA (n = 22) and ES‐62–treated mice with CIA (n = 17), and production of IL‐6, determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, in joint cells (106/ml) from PBS‐treated mice with CIA (n = 11), ES‐62–treated mice with CIA (n = 12), and naive mice (n = 3) (each symbol represents the mean value from triplicate analyses in an individual mouse). B, Gating strategy for analysis of Gr1+CD11b+ cells isolated from the joints of PBS‐treated mice with CIA, and their expression of IL‐22 and interferon‐γ (IFNγ). C, Percentages of IFNγ+ and IL‐22+ CD11b+Gr1+ joint cells, and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IL‐22 expression by CD11b+Gr1+ joint cells from PBS‐treated mice with CIA (n = 17 and 13 for IFNγ and IL‐22, respectively) and ES‐62–treated mice with CIA (n = 17 and 13, respectively). D, Inverse correlation (Pearson's r = −0.86, P = 0.0075) between the percentage of IL‐22+CD11b+Gr1+ cells and clinical scores in mice with CIA. (The same trend was found in 2 additional independent experiments.) In A and C, each symbol represents an individual mouse; bars show the mean. ∗ = P < 0.05. See Figure 1 for other definitions.