Table 5.
Associations between maternal exposure (ED) and emotional IPV; unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p‐values
| Model 1: OR (95% CI), p‐Values | Model 2: OR (95% CI), p‐Values | Model 3: OR (95% CI), p‐Values | Model 4: OR (95% CI), p‐Values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prenatal | ||||
| No ED | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Lifetime ED | 2.27 (1.51–3.43), <.001 | 2.11 (1.38–3.24), .001 | 2.12 (1.36–3.29), .001 | 2.11 (1.36–3.26), .001 |
| Lifetime ED with pregnancy shape and weight concern and/or purging | 3.72 (2.58–5.37), <.001 | 3.06 (2.09–4.50), <.001 | 2.85 (1.89–4.29), <.001 | 2.81 (1.89–4.19), <.001 |
| Postnatal | ||||
| No ED | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Lifetime ED | 2.38 (1.56–3.64), <.001 | 2.23 (1.44–3.46), <.001 | 2.17 (1.39–3.38), .001 | 2.25 (1.44–3.53), <.001 |
| Lifetime ED with pregnancy shape and weight concern and/or purging | 3.09 (2.04–4.66), <.001 | 2.56 (1.67–3.91), <.001 | 2.57 (1.66–3.96), <.001 | 2.25 (1.44–3.53), <.001 |
| Post‐perinatal | ||||
| No ED | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Lifetime ED | 1.57 (1.06–2.33), <.02 | 1.52 (1.01–2.27), .05 | 1.50 (1.00–2.25), .05 | 1.31 (0.85–2.01), .22 |
| Lifetime ED with pregnancy shape and weight concern and/or purging | 2.92 (2.02–4.24), <.001 | 2.60 (1.78–3.81), <.001 | 2.38 (1.60–3.53), <.001 | 2.48 (1.67–3.67), <.001 |
Model 1 = unadjusted model. Model 2 = adjusted for maternal education, relationship status, maternal ethnicity, and parity. Model 3 = adjusted for maternal education, relationship status, maternal ethnicity, parity, and partners reaction to pregnancy. Model 4 = adjusted for maternal education, relationship status, maternal ethnicity, parity, and maternal childhood sexual abuse. Prenatal = during pregnancy. Postnatal = birth to 8 months postnatal. Post‐perinatal = 8–33 months after delivery. Lifetime ED (no pregnancy weight and shape concern/symptoms) = self‐report of ED over the lifetime at 12 weeks gestation without high shape and weight concerns and/or compensatory behaviors. Lifetime ED (with pregnancy weight and shape concern/symptoms) = self‐report of ED over lifetime at 12 weeks gestation with marked shape and weight concerns and/or compensatory behaviors.