Table 2.
Bivariate analysis for potential risk factors associated with T. cruzi seropositive pregnant women in Santander, Colombia
| Variable | n | sero[+] | % | OR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio‐demographic factors | ||||||
| Residence area | ||||||
| Urban area | 725 | 13 | 1.79 | 1 | 0.003 | |
| Rural area | 793 | 36 | 4.54 | 2.6 | 1.3–5.4 | |
| Age | ||||||
| 13–19 | 382 | 4 | 1.05 | 1 | ||
| 20–24 | 447 | 13 | 2.91 | 2.8 | 0.9–8.4 | <0.001 |
| 25–29 | 301 | 5 | 1.66 | 1.6 | 0.4–5.9 | |
| 30–42 | 388 | 27 | 6.96 | 6.6 | 2.3–18.8 | |
| Socio‐economic strata | ||||||
| High (3,4,5) | 491 | 9 | 1.83 | 1 | 0.034 | |
| Low (0,1,2) | 1027 | 40 | 3.89 | 2.2 | 1.0–4.5 | |
| Healthcare insurance | ||||||
| Contributive | 151 | 3 | 1.99 | 1 | 0.211 | |
| Non‐insured | 152 | 2 | 1.32 | 1.5 | 0.3–9.1 | |
| Subsidised | 1215 | 44 | 3.62 | 2.8 | 0.7–11.7 | |
| Education level | ||||||
| University | 172 | 2 | 1.16 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| High School | 842 | 9 | 1.07 | 0.9 | 0.2–4.3 | |
| Primary School | 493 | 36 | 7.30 | 6.7 | 1.6–28.1 | |
| None | 11 | 2 | 18.18 | 18.9 | 2.4–149.9 | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1183 | 43 | 3.63 | 1 | 0.124 | |
| Single | 321 | 5 | 1.56 | 0.4 | 0.2–1.1 | |
| Widow‐separated | 14 | 1 | 7.14 | 2 | 0.3–15.9 | |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Housewife | 1192 | 46 | 3.86 | 1 | 0.068 | |
| Student | 209 | 2 | 0.96 | 0.2 | 0.6–1.0 | |
| Worker in urban area | 96 | 1 | 1.04 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.9 | |
| Worker in rural area (agriculture) | 21 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | |
| Factors related with triatomine vectors exposure | ||||||
| Recognition of the vector | ||||||
| No | 809 | 10 | 1.24 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 656 | 39 | 5.95 | 5.1 | 2.5–10.2 | |
| Close contact with vectors at least once in lifetime | ||||||
| No | 1186 | 21 | 1.77 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 169 | 25 | 14.79 | 9.6 | 5.3–17.7 | |
| No response | 163 | 3 | 1.84 | 1 | 0.3–3.5 | |
| Close contact with vectors during the last year | ||||||
| No | 1336 | 44 | 3.29 | 1 | 0.283 | |
| Yes | 26 | 2 | 7.69 | 2.4 | 0.6–10.7 | |
| Close contact with animals | ||||||
| No | 462 | 16 | 3.46 | 1 | 0.732 | |
| Yes | 1056 | 33 | 3.13 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.7 | |
| Housing conditions | ||||||
| Current floor | ||||||
| Cement | 1241 | 32 | 2.58 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Wood | 36 | 2 | 5.56 | 2.2 | 0.5–9.7 | |
| Dirt | 190 | 15 | 7.89 | 3.2 | 1.7–6.1 | |
| Other | 51 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | |
| Current roof | ||||||
| Clay tiles | 601 | 20 | 3.33 | 1 | ||
| Fibrocement tiles | 552 | 18 | 3.26 | 1 | 0.5–1.9 | <0.001 |
| Thatched/palm leaves | 12 | 3 | 25.00 | 9.7 | 2.4–38.5 | |
| Other | 353 | 8 | 2.27 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.5 | |
| Current wall | ||||||
| Brick/cement | 1109 | 28 | 2.52 | 1 | 0.02 | |
| Wood | 19 | 2 | 10.53 | 4.5 | 1.0–20.6 | |
| Adobe | 371 | 19 | 5.12 | 2.1 | 1.2–3.8 | |
| Other | 19 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | |
| Floor of housing during childhood | ||||||
| Cement | 796 | 16 | 2.01 | 1 | 0.003 | |
| Wood | 68 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | |
| Dirt | 639 | 33 | 5.16 | 2.7 | 1.5–4.9 | |
| Other | 15 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | |
| Roof during childhood | ||||||
| Clay tiles | 753 | 22 | 2.92 | 1 | <0.0001 | |
| Fibrocement tiles | 408 | 8 | 1.96 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.5 | |
| Thatched/palm leaves | 92 | 12 | 13.04 | 5 | 2.4–10.5 | |
| Other | 265 | 7 | 2.64 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.1 | |
| Walls of housing during childhood | ||||||
| Brick/cement | 737 | 12 | 1.63 | 1 | 0.004 | |
| Wood | 70 | 2 | 2.86 | 1.8 | 0.4–8.1 | |
| Adobe | 676 | 34 | 5.03 | 3.2 | 1.6–6.2 | |
| Other | 35 | 1 | 2.86 | 1.8 | 0.2–14.1 | |
| Other factors | ||||||
| Relatives diagnosed with Chagas disease | ||||||
| No | 1320 | 39 | 2.95 | 1 | 0.022 | |
| Yes | 101 | 9 | 8.91 | 3.2 | 1.5–6.8 | |
| No response | 97 | 1 | 1.03 | 0.3 | 0.1–2.5 | |
| Previous transfusions | ||||||
| No | 1467 | 48 | 3.27 | 1 | 0.578 | |
| Yes | 29 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | |
Bold numbers mean p values statistically signifciant at <0.05.