Table 2.
Effects of 12 weeks of CoQ10 treatment on CoQ10, Grx, HbA1c and lipids in 22 patients with DM, analyzed in non-statin treated (n = 11) and statin treated (n = 11) separately, and all together. Median, range are given and significance at the level of p < 0.05 (*), or < 0.01 (**). Upon CoQ10 treatment, there was a significant reduction in serum Grx, fp-LDL-cholesterol, total p-cholesterol, as well as oxidized LDL-cholesterol, with more pronounced changes in the non-statin treated group. There was a tendency to reduced HbA1c levels in the whole patient population, and interestingly a significant increase in the statin treated group where in fact all 11 patients individually lowered HbA1c. Intracellular Grx increased significantly, and serum CoQ10 increased.
| Non-statin
treated |
Statin
treated |
All
patients |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 w | 12 w | 0 w | 12 w | 0 w | 12 w | |
| S-CoQ10 (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.1–3.4) | 5.1 (4.1–7.3)⁎⁎ | 1.5 (1.0–2.8) | 4.0 (3.4–9.0)⁎⁎ | 1.7(1.0–3.4) | 5.0(3.4–9.0)⁎⁎ |
| S-Grx (ng/mL) | 52.9 (27–69) | 30.2 (26–45)⁎⁎ | 54.7 (29–68) | 43.6 (25–67) | 54 (27–69) | 38 (25–67)⁎ |
| Grx PBMC (ng/μg prot) | 0.5 (0.32–0.87) | 0.7 (0.44–0.99) | 0.5 (0.3–0.84) | 0.7 (0.44–0.99) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3)⁎ |
| HbA1ca (%) | 6.7 (5.4–9.0) | 6.5 (5.5–8.3) | 6.0 (4.5–8.4) | 5.7 (4.3–7.6)⁎ | 6.5 (4.5–9) | 5.9 (4.3–8.3) |
| p-HDL (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.9–2.5) | 1.4 (1.9–2.4) | 1.0 (0.8–2.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.8 | 1.2 (0.7–2.5) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) |
| p-LDL (mmol/L) | 2.5 (2.0–4.3) | 2.2 (1.7–3.2)⁎ | 2.3 (1.6–3.9) | 2.1 (1.6–3.4) | 2.4 (1.6–4.3) | 2.2 (1.4–3.4)⁎ |
| p-Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.7 (0.4–2.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 1.3 (0.5–2.0) | 1.3 (0.6–2.0) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 1.0 (0.4–2) |
| Ox. LDL | 38.2 (24–63) | 34.2 (22–47)⁎⁎ | 38.3 (22.-75) | 36.7 (29–49)⁎ | 38.2 (22–75) | 35.9 (22–49)⁎⁎ |
| p-Total cholesterol | 4.9 (3.6–6.2) | 4.3 (3.9–5.2)⁎⁎ | 4.4 (2.9–5.4) | 3.9 (2.7–5.8) | 4.6 (3.1–6.2) | 4.0 (2.5–5.8)⁎ |
| CoQ10/cholesterol | 0.35 (0.22–0.92) | 1.15 (0.84–1.8)⁎⁎ | 0.42(0.29–0.63) | 1.25 (0.76–2.6)⁎⁎ | 0.45 (0.22–0.92) | 1.24 (0.76–2.6)⁎ |
Reference levels for healthy population are HbA1c% < 5.1%, fp-TG 0.45–2.6 mmol/L, fp-HDL 1.0–2.7 mmol/L, fp-LDL 2.0–5.3 mmol/L, and total p-cholesterol < 5 mmol/L. For Grx, we previously reported serum Grx levels of 15.2 ng/mL in healthy individuals (8). There is no established reference range for oxidized LDL or PBMC Grx.
HbA1c measured with the MonoS method.
p < 0.05 for 12 w vs. 0 w.
p < 0.01 for 12 w vs. 0 w.