Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the obese subjects included in the analysis.
| All subjects (n = 48) | Placebo subjects (n = 24) | n-3 PUFA subjects (n = 24) | P1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [y] | 47 ± 22 | 48 ± 2 | 45 ± 2 | 0.47 |
| Sex, female [n] | 38 | 20 | 18 | |
| EPA in plasma PC [weight%] | 2.22 ± 0.22 | 2.27 ± 0.28 | 2.16 ± 0.35 | 0.82 |
| DHA in plasma PC [weight%] | 3.68 ± 0.22 | 3.72 ± 0.33 | 3.62 ± 0.27 | 0.82 |
| EPA in RBC membranes [%] | 1.12 ± 0.06 | 1.19 ± 0.08 | 1.05 ± 0.07 | 0.22 |
| DHA in RBC membranes [%] | 4.51 ± 0.15 | 4.65 ± 0.22 | 4.36 ± 0.19 | 0.32 |
| Omega-3 index [%] | 5.63 ± 0.19 | 5.85 ± 0.28 | 5.41 ± 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Anthropometric measurements: | ||||
| Weight [kg] | 96.18 ± 1.67 | 97.56 ± 2.12 | 94.78 ± 2.59 | 0.41 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 34.75 ± 0.51 | 35.24 ± 0.72 | 34.25 ± 0.7 | 0.33 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.85 (0.82, 0.93)3 | 0.90 (0.84, 0.95) | 0.83 (0.80, 0.91) | 0.10 |
| Adipose tissue mass [%] | 39.68 ± 0.91 | 40.7 ± 1.16 | 38.74 ± 1.33 | 0.28 |
| Systolic BP [mm Hg] | 128.40 ± 2.49 | 132.5 ± 4.08 | 124.09 ± 2.07 | 0.09 |
| Diastolic BP [mm Hg] | 84.30 ± 1.39 | 85.4 ± 2.4 | 83.14 ± 1.06 | 0.42 |
| Metabolic measurements: | ||||
| Total cholesterol [mmol/l] | 5.51 ± 0.16 | 5.56 ± 0.28 | 5.45 ± 0.16 | 0.72 |
| HDL cholesterol [mmol/l] | 1.31 ± 0.04 | 1.38 ± 0.06 | 1.23 ± 0.04 | 0.06 |
| LDL cholesterol [mmol/l] | 3.53 ± 0.13 | 3.52 ± 0.21 | 3.53 ± 0.16 | 0.99 |
| Fasting NEFA [mmol/l] | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.8 ± 0.05 | 0.74 ± 0.06 | 0.48 |
| AUC NEFA [mmol/l x min− 1] | 166.59 ± 11.15 | 180.13 ± 16.55 | 153.05 ± 14.75 | 0.23 |
| Fasting Triglycerides [mmol/l] | 1.38 ± 0.09 | 1.34 ± 0.13 | 1.4 ± 0.13 | 0.77 |
| AUC Triglycerides [mmol/l x min− 1] | 641.75 ± 43.63 | 611.62 ± 58.16 | 671.87 ± 65.7 | 0.50 |
| Fasting glucose [mmol/l] | 5.15 ± 0.09 | 5.1 ± 0.13 | 5.19 ± 0.13 | 0.62 |
| AUC Glucose [mmol/l x min− 1] | 3467.88 ± 113.80 | 3613 ± 162.58 | 3322.75 ± 157.03 | 0.21 |
| Fasting insulin [mIU/ml] | 16.65 ± 1.18 | 17.65 ± 1.94 | 15.64 ± 1.35 | 0.40 |
| AUC Insulin [mIU/ml x min− 1] | 46,109.25 ± 3729.84 | 49,504.75 ± 5704.59 | 42,713.75 ± 4828.21 | 0.37 |
| Fasting GIP [pg./ml] | 30.15 ± 2.25 | 30.88 ± 3.54 | 29.41 ± 2.86 | 0.75 |
| AUC GIP [pg./ml x min− 1] | 68,756.03 ± 3585.17 | 67,204.69 ± 5283.18 | 70,307.36 ± 4940.65 | 0.67 |
| Insulin resistance and β cell function: | ||||
| HOMA-IR | 3.88 ± 0.31 | 4.11 ± 0.51 | 3.65 ± 0.34 | 0.46 |
| AUCI/AUCG | 13.37 ± 1.07 | 13.36 ± 1.46 | 13.25 ± 1.58 | 0.96 |
| IGI = ∆ I0-60/∆G0-60 | 186.85 ± 149.60 | 152.79 ± 270.41 | 219.43 ± 140.09 | 0.83 |
| OGIS [ml min− 1 m− 2] | 384.93 ± 9.99 | 379.66 ± 14.25 | 390.18 ± 14.21 | 0.60 |
1Comparison between placebo and n-3 PUFA groups (unpaired t test or Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed variables).
2Mean ± SEM (all such values).
3Median; IQR in parentheses (all such values)
AUC, area under curve during OGTT; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; GIP, glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; IGI, insulinogenic index; NEFA, non esterified fatty acids; OGIS, oral glucose insulin sensitivity index; PC, phosphatidylcholine; RBC red blood cells.