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. 2016 Feb 3;7:48. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00048

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Copyright © 2016 Benomar, Lamhamedi, Rainville, Beaulieu, Bousquet and Margolis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relationships between functional traits in six white spruce seed sources and the mean July temperature at their origin (MJT) after growing on three forest sites. (A) Total height at the end of the second growing season (H2014), (B) light-saturated photosynthesis on a projected leaf area basis (A_max), (C) stomatal conductance (g_s), (D) mesophyll to stomatal conductance ratio (g_m/g_s), (E) water use efficiency (WUE), and (F) photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE). Data points are means of 12 seedlings for functional traits and 768 seedlings for growth (H2014). Regression lines and coefficient of determination (R²) values are shown for significant relationships, with solid line for P < 0.05 and dashed lines for P < 0.1 (n = 6).