Table 5. Preventable ADRs categorized using the modified Schumock and Thornton [16] preventability criteria (n = 40).
| Preventability criteria | Frequency (n = 51)a | Drug suspects (n = 51) |
|---|---|---|
| Drug continued despite symptoms and/or laboratory signs of toxicity | 22 | TDF (5), EFV (4), co-trimoxazole (3), rifampicin (3), other (7) |
| Drug inappropriate for patient's clinical condition | 12 | Co-trimoxazole (4), ATV/r (3), TDF (3), other (2) |
| History of allergy or previous reaction to the drug | 7 | EFV (4), co-trimoxazole (1), LPV/r (1), AZT (1) |
| Dose/route of administration not appropriate for patient | 3 | LPV/r (2), EFV (1) |
| Laboratory monitoring not performed | 3 | TDF (2), AZT (1) |
| Compliance contributed to the reaction | 3 | EFV (3) |
| Drug interaction involved | 1 | Amiodarone (1)—interaction with LPV/r |
| Serum concentration above the therapeutic range | 0 | N/A |
ADR adverse drug reaction, ATV/r atazanavir/ritonavir, AZT zidovudine, EFV efavirenz, LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir, TDF tenofovir
a
More than one preventability criteria may be applicable to each preventable ADR