UBD of CSB, but not its ATPase activity, facilitates recruitment to localized DNA damage. (A) CSB recruitment and retention at localized DNA damage. pCSB-GFPK538A was transfected into HeLa cells, and the indicated region (yellow box) was laser irradiated under the conditions specified. (Upper) Shown are representative images of unirradiated cells (Pre), and the CSB response at 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 30 min post-laser irradiation. (Bottom) Quantification of CSBK538A response to localized DNA damage for laser (1.7%), angelicin + laser or trioxsalen + laser. Each data point (RFI) is derived from at least 8 independent cells, from three independent experiments. Error bars indicate SEM. (B) CSB UBD mutant does not respond to site-specific DNA damage. Shown are representative images of unirradiated cells (Pre), and the response of GFP-CSB UBDmut at 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 30 min post-laser irradiation. Bar; 10 μm.