Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics: All Eligible Patients.
| Parameter | Type 1 diabetes (n = 248) | Type 2 diabetes (n = 666) |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes type, % | 27.1 | 72.9 |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 45.0 (14.3) | 61.9 (10.9) |
| Gender, male/female, % | 58.1/41.9 | 58.6/41.4 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 27.2 (5.1) | 32.7 (6.0) |
| Mean diabetes duration, years (SD) | 17.2 (10.5) | 12.0 (8.0) |
| Presence of concomitant disease or diabetes complications, n (%) | 233 (94.0) | 654 (98.2) |
| Lipometabolic disorder | 64 (25.8) | 369 (55.4) |
| Hypertension | 91 (36.7) | 516 (77.5) |
| Coronary heart disease | 8 (3.2) | 166 (24.9) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 20 (8.1) | 84 (12.63) |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 50 (20.2) | 217 (32.6) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 50 (20.2) | 91 (13.7) |
| Peripheral artery occlusions | 11 (4.4) | 49 (7.4) |
| Stroke/cerebral circulation disorder | 4 (1.6) | 31 (4.7) |
| Mean HbA1c, % [mmol/mol] (SD) | 8.5 (1.1) | 8.7 (1.2) |
| [69.4 (12.0)] | [71.6 (13.1)] | |
| Diabetes medication, n (%) | ||
| Only insulin | 224 (90.3) | 271 (40.7) |
| Only OAD | — | 72 (10.8) |
| Both | 18 (7.3) | 315 (47.3) |
| No medication | — | 2 (0.3) |
| Missing data | 6 (2.4) | 6 (0.9) |
| Mean daily insulin dose at baseline, IU (SD) | 53.7 (27.1) | 67.2 (43.3) |
| Previous diabetes training, n (%) | 230 (92.7) | 566 (85.0) |
| Mean time since last diabetes training (SD), yearsa | 3.6 (4.2) | 2.7 (3.0) |
| Records of glycemic control at baseline, n (%) | 247 (99.6) | 664 (99.7) |
| Laboratory records | 246 (99.2) | 654 (98.2) |
| Manual records | 219 (88.3) | 582 (87.4) |
| Electronic evaluations | 56 (22.6) | 143 (21.5) |
| Other documentation | 2 (0.8) | 4 (0.6) |
| Mean glycemic control readings/week (SD), nb | 30.1 (9.3) | 22.8 (9.1) |
| Mean days with readings within the week (SD), nc | 6.9 (0.8) | 6.6 (1.2) |
a
n = 228 (type 1 diabetes), n = 556 (type 2 diabetes).
b
n = 244 (type 1 diabetes), n = 626 (type 2 diabetes).
c
n = 245 (type 1 diabetes), n = 620 (type 2 diabetes).