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. 2016 Feb 3;6:20332. doi: 10.1038/srep20332

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Fluorescence images of intracellular ROS production after plasma treatment for 10 s (0.8 kV_rms) by using DCF-DA assay and bright field images: (A) A549 cells (upper row: gas-treated control; bottom row: plasma treatment) and (B) A549-ρ⁰ cells (upper row: gas-treated control; bottom row: plasma treatment). Scale bar = 100 μm. (C) Quantification by measuring fluorescence pixel intensity with MetaMorph software (Each point represents mean ± SD of three replicates; **p < 0.01). (D) Immunoblot of cytochrome c oxidase II (COX II) showing that this protein, which is coded by mtDNA, is present in A549 cells but not in A549-ρ⁰ cells. Blot was probed with anti-actin to ensure equal protein loading. (E) Fluorescence (left) and merged images with bright field image (right) of the mitochondria-staining in A549 cells (upper row) and in A549-ρ⁰ cells (bottom row, morphological change: white arrows).