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. 2016 Feb 3;6:20519. doi: 10.1038/srep20519

Figure 2. Toxins of TA systems increase persistence in the absence of ppGpp.

Figure 2

Ampicillin (100 μg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (5 μg/mL) were added to exponentially-growing cells after 2 h induction of the toxins. “No ppGpp” indicates the MG1655 ΔrelA ΔspoT strain (red bars) and “Wild-type” indicates MG1655 (black bars). Fold changes indicate the increase in persistence relative to the strains harboring the empty plasmid pCA24N. Means and standard deviations for two independent cultures are shown. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s unpaired two-tailed t-test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; and ***p < 0.0005).