Table 1. Laser parameters for the different Raman Amplification regimes to generate and amplify OAM lasers.

	Amplification of existing modes		Generation and amplification of new OAM modes
	Pump	Seed	OAM seed		TEM seed
			Pump	Seed	Pump	Seed
TEM	—	—	—	—	TEM00ex+TEM00ey	TEM01ex+iTEM10ey
OAM	L00ex	L01ex	L00ex+L02ey	L01ex	—	—
a0 (peak)	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.08
Spot (μm)	718	435	718	435	718	435
Duration (fs)	25 × 103	25	25 × 103	25	25 × 103	25
w0/wp	20	19	20	19	20	19

Simulation parameters are close to ideal Raman amplification regimes determined in ref. 21. In all simulations, the probe has a central wavelength of 1 μm. The background plasma density is n₀=4.3 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ for all simulations presented. When the pump/probe initially has components in both the transverse directions, the initial peak a₀, spot size and durations present in the table are identical for every component. refers to a Laguerre–Gaussian mode, where the OAM corresponds to the index . TEM_mn correspond to Hermite–Gaussian lasers with order (m, n). The table only describes the initial simulation conditions.