Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Dec 15;79(1):18–26. doi: 10.1002/ana.24558

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2015 The Authors Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Neurological Association

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

PMC Copyright notice

Tranexamic acid (TXA) concentrations measured in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients cause hyperexcitability in vitro. (A) The time course of TXA levels in the CSF and serum of 1 patient who experienced a seizure is shown on the left. The decline of TXA levels in the brain lags behind that in the blood. The timeline at the bottom of each figure indicates key surgical events during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The red arrow highlights the concentrations when TXA administration was terminated. On the right are the summarized data of TXA concentrations in the CSF and serum during key surgical events (n = 4). TXA levels in the serum (2mM) are 10‐fold higher than those in the CSF (200 µM). (B) Clinically relevant concentration of TXA (200 µM) causes hyperexcitability by increasing the frequency of seizure‐like events in neocortical slices. *P < 0.05.