Table 3.
Effects on reproduction data in the zeaxanthin two-generation study in rats [31].
| Nominal dosage (mg/kg bw/day) | 0 | 0 (placebo) |
50 | 150 | 500 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 generation | |||||
| Adults, mating index % | 100.0 | 100.0 | 96.0 | 96.0 | 79.3 ∗ F |
| Mean number of pups: | |||||
| born | 10.2 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.7 |
| alive day 4 postpartum
(before culling) |
10.0 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 9.7 |
| P generation | |||||
| % pup weight gain | |||||
| Days 4–7 postpartum | 62.3 | 62.0 | 64.2 | 61.6 | 59.3 |
| Days 1–21 postpartum | 774.7 | 753.3 | 780.9 | 755.0 | 725.3 ∗∗ J |
| F1 generation | |||||
| % pup weight gain | |||||
| Days 4–7 postpartum | 64.4 | 62.8 | 60.5 | 61.3 | 58.1 ∗ J |
| Days 1–21 postpartum | 738.9 | 745.1 | 713.5 | 724.9 | 695.0 |
F = Cochran-Armitage and Fisher's exact test.
J = dose response test, Kruskal-Wallis, Terpstra-Jonckheere, and Wilcoxon.
∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01.