Table 1. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Parameters | All, n=787 | Men, n=378 | Women, n=409 | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
| Age, yrs | 44.0 | 10.1 | 45.0 | 10.9 | 43.0 | 9.3 | <.0001 | |
| Height, cm | 165.5 | 9.6 | 172.8 | 6.4 | 158.6 | 6.7 | <.0001 | |
| Weight, kg | 71.3 | 14.6 | 73.5 | 14.2 | 69.3 | 14.7 | <.0001 | |
| BMI, kg/m² | 26.1 | 5.1 | 24.6 | 4.2 | 27.5 | 5.5 | <.0001 | |
| Waist, cm | 87.7 | 12.4 | 89.1 | 11.5 | 86.4 | 13.0 | <.0001 | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | .86 | .09 | .90 | .07 | .83 | .09 | <.0001 | |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.34 | 1.85 | 5.49 | 1.84 | 5.20 | 1.85 | <.0001 | |
| Fasting insulin, µUI/mL | 8.44 | 6.54 | 7.14 | 5.93 | 9.64 | 6.84 | <.0001 | |
| HOMA-IR | 2.08 | 2.27 | 1.80 | 2.05 | 2.33 | 2.43 | <.0001 | |
| HOMA-B | 132.43 | 126.31 | 96.72 | 94.51 | 165.42 | 142.15 | <.0001 | |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.45 | .91 | 4.45 | .76 | 4.44 | 1.03 | .92 | |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.17 | .51 | 1.21 | .55 | 1.13 | .47 | .04 | |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.25 | .31 | 1.27 | .30 | 1.23 | .32 | .10 | |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.68 | .87 | 2.64 | .73 | 2.72 | 1.10 | .19 | |
| SBP, mm Hg | 123.6 | 18.1 | 125.4 | 17.7 | 122.1 | 18.4 | .01 | |
| DBP, mm Hg | 76.9 | 9.9 | 77.7 | 9.7 | 76.1 | 10.0 | .02 | |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Inbreeding | 197 | 25.9 | 92 | 25.0 | 107 | 26.8 | .57 | |
| Hypertension | known | 97 | 12.3 | 34 | 9.0 | 63 | 15.4 | <.0001 |
| total | 160 | 20.3 | 80 | 21.2 | 80 | 19.6 | .58 | |
| Type 2 diabetes | known | 59 | 7.5 | 30 | 7.9 | 29 | 7.1 | .15 |
| total | 80 | 10.6 | 42 | 11.6 | 38 | 9.7 | .39 | |
| Obesity | 167 | 21.2 | 34 | 9.0 | 133 | 32.5 | <.0001 | |
| Metabolic syndrome | 155 | 20.0 | 51 | 13.7 | 104 | 25.9 | <.0001 | |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD; P is used for comparison between men and women.