Table I.
Baseline characteristics
| Variable | Group | Lottery arm (n = 52) | Control arm (n = 48) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | Median (Q1–Q3) | 64.0 (54.5–70.0) | 59.5 (48.5–66.0) | .1705 |
| Gender | Male | 34 (65.4%) | 22 (45.8%) | .0491 |
| Female | 18 (34.6%) | 26 (54.2%) | ||
| Education level | High school (9–12 y) | 22 (42.3%) | 20 (41.7%) | .8496 |
| College/trade school (13–16 y) | 16 (30.8%) | 17 (35.4%) | ||
| More than college (+17 y) | 14 (26.9%) | 11 (22.9%) | ||
| Employment status | Working | 20 (38.5%) | 15 (31.3%) | .3608 |
| Unemployed | 3 (5.8%) | 5 (10.4%) | ||
| Retired | 17 (32.7%) | 11 (22.9%) | ||
| Disabled | 12 (23.1%) | 17 (35.4%) | ||
| Self-reported insurance status | 1 = Any Medicare | 26 (50.0%) | 25 (52.1%) | .4575 |
| 2 = Medicaid | 4 (7.7%) | 7 (14.6%) | ||
| 3 = Private | 18 (34.6%) | 10 (20.8%) | ||
| 4 = Other | 2 (3.8%) | 4 (8.3%) | ||
| 5 = None | 2 (3.8%) | 2 (4.2%) | ||
| Federal poverty line | 1: <100% FPL | 12 (24.0%) | 11 (22.9%) | .9128 |
| 2: 100%–200% FPL | 8 (16.0%) | 8 (16.7%) | ||
| 3: 200%–300% FPL | 5 (10.0%) | 7 (14.6%) | ||
| 4: >300% FPL | 25 (50.0%) | 22 (45.8%) | ||
| Marital status | Married | 21 (40.4%) | 15 (31.3%) | .7501 |
| Separated/divorced | 12 (23.1%) | 15 (31.3%) | ||
| Widowed | 5 (9.6%) | 5 (10.4%) | ||
| Never married | 14 (26.9%) | 13 (27.1%) | ||
| Race: any African American | No | 23 (44.2%) | 17 (35.4%) | .3687 |
| Yes | 29 (55.8%) | 31 (64.6%) | ||
| Indication for warfarin | 1 = Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 21 (40.4%) | 17 (35.4%) | .7878 |
| 2 = Post DVT/PE | 11 (21.2%) | 13 (27.1%) | ||
| 3 = Mechanical heart valve | 10 (19.2%) | 6 (12.5%) | ||
| 4 = Dilated CMP | 4 (7.7%) | 4 (8.3%) | ||
| 5 = Other | 6 (11.5%) | 8 (16.7%) | ||
| Do not know | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| History prior warfarin use | No | 41 (82.0%) | 39 (81.3%) | .9236 |
| Yes | 9 (18.0%) | 9 (18.8%) | ||
| General health status | Excellent | 3 (5.8%) | 4 (8.3%) | .5769 |
| Very good | 12 (23.1%) | 9 (18.8%) | ||
| Good | 27 (51.9%) | 20 (41.7%) | ||
| Fair | 9 (17.3%) | 12 (25.0%) | ||
| Poor | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (6.3%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption frequency | Never | 21 (40.4%) | 17 (35.4%) | .2162 |
| Monthly or less | 11 (21.2%) | 13 (27.1%) | ||
| 2–4 times a m | 11 (21.2%) | 9 (18.8%) | ||
| 2–3 times a wk | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (8.3%) | ||
| ≥4 times a wk | 9 (17.3%) | 5 (10.4%) | ||
| Smoking status | 1 = Current | 9 (17.6%) | 10 (20.8%) | .5745 |
| 2 = Past | 22 (43.1%) | 24 (50.0%) | ||
| 3 = Never | 20 (39.2%) | 14 (29.2%) | ||
| Yes | 8 (15.4%) | 11 (22.9%) | ||
| INR below range at baseline visit | No | 43 (82.7%) | 39 (81.3%) | .8512 |
| Yes | 9 (17.3%) | 9 (18.8%) | ||
| Percentage of INR time out of range during preenrollment | Median (Q1–Q3) | 19.0 (5.3–37.6) | 29.2 (12.9–44.5) | .3545 |
Q, Quartile; FPL, federal poverty line; DVT/PE, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolus; CMP, cardiomyopathy.