Table 1.

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and standard error of measurement (SEM) for maximal isometric torques (Nm) of foot inversion and eversion in different subject positions using the HHD. Significance of differences (Bonferroni adjusted p-values) of post hoc tests of measurements in different test positions (ab = supine vs. sitting, ac = supine vs. side-lying, bc = sitting vs. side-lying) within testers on days one and two

Measurement		Test condition, Tester 1, day 1		Significance of differences between test positions, within tester
	HHD	HHD	HHD
	supine (a)	sitting (b)	side lying (c)	p-values
	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	(ab; ac; be)
Inversion	7.3 ± 2.6 (0.5)	8.0 ± 2.4 (0.4)	8.9 ± 2.8 (0.5)	p = 0.004; p < 0.001; p = 0.001
Eversion	6.2 ± 2.1 (0.4)	6.2 ± 2.2 (0.4)	11.0 ± 3.7 (0.7)	p = 1; p < 0.001; p < 0.001
		Tester 2, day 1
	HHD	HHD	HHD
	supine (a)	sitting (b)	side lying (c)	p-values
	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	(ab; ac; bc)
Inversion	5.9 ± 2.3 (0.4)	6.1 ± 2.3(0.4)	8.8 ± 2.8 (0.5)	p = 0.257; p < 0.001; p < 0.001
Eversion	5.8 ± 2.1 (0.4)	5.7 ± 2.2 (0.4)	10.4 ± 3.4 (0.6)	p = 1; p < 0.001; p < 0.001
		Tester 1, day 2
	HHD	HHD	HHD
	supine (a)	sitting (b)	side lying (c)	p-values
	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	(ab; ac; bc)
Inversion	7.0 ± 2.5 (0.5)	7.6 ± 2.7 (0.5)	9.4 ± 3.9 (0.7)	p = 0.004; p < 0.001; p = 0.001
Eversion	5.8 ± 1.7 (0.3)	6.1 ± 2.1 (0.4)	10.5 ± 3.6 (0.7)	p = 1; p < 0.001; p < 0.001
		Tester 2, day 2
	HHD	HHD	HHD
	supine (a)	sitting (b)	side lying (c)	p-values
	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	[Mean ± SD (SEM)]	(ab; ac; bc)
Inversion	6.5 ± 2.5 (0.5)	6.9 ± 2.6 (0.5)	9.8 ± 4.0 (0.7)	p = 0.257; p < 0.001; p < 0.001
Eversion	5.8 ± 1.7 (0.3)	5.7 ± 1.9 (0.3)	10.2 ± 3.2 (0.6)	p = 1; p < 0.001; p < 0.001