. 2016 Jan 1;22(1):2–11. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0007

Table 4.

Healthcare Resource Use Comparison for Intervention Heart Failure Patients Versus Matched Controls

	INTERVENTION		CONTROL
	BASELINE	STUDY^a	BASELINE	STUDY^a	UNADJUSTED RELATIVE CHANGE (95% CI)^b	P VALUE^c	ADJUSTED RELATIVE CHANGE (95% CI)^d	P VALUE^c
Quarterly number of inpatient admissions^e
Engaged Health Buddy	0.23	0.14	0.18	0.19	−0.10 (−0.16, −0.04)	0.002	−0.12 (−0.18, −0.05)	<0.001
Nonengaged	0.21	0.19	0.21	0.19	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)	0.491	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.05)	0.956
Overall	0.22	0.17	0.20	0.19	−0.05 (−0.09, −0.01)	0.012	−0.05 (−0.09, −0.01)	0.011
Hospital days per quarter, conditional on hospitalization^e
Engaged Health Buddy	5.04	6.11	5.72	5.96	0.83 (−1.33, 2.99)	0.449	0.91 (−0.39, 3.13)	0.127
Nonengaged	5.23	6.09	5.73	6.16	0.44 (−0.89, 1.76)	0.518	0.68 (−0.54, 1.83)	0.287
Overall	5.15	6.10	5.72	6.09	0.59 (−0.56, 1.73)	0.316	0.60 (−0.21, 1.65)	0.131
Quarterly number of emergency room visits^f
Engaged Health Buddy	0.28	0.24	0.31	0.29	−0.01 (−0.09, 0.07)	0.776	−0.05 (−0.13, 0.03)	0.254
Nonengaged	0.34	0.33	0.37	0.32	0.05 (−0.03, 0.12)	0.226	0.07 (0.01, 0.16)	0.033
Overall	0.32	0.29	0.35	0.31	0.02 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.492	0.02 (−0.03, 0.08)	0.310

^{^a}

Patients were followed up for 3 years or until death in the study period.

^{^b}

Unadjusted relative change was calculated as (Intervention sample study period outcome – Intervention sample baseline period outcome) – (Control sample study period outcome – Control sample baseline period outcome).

^{^c}

Univariate comparisons of central tendencies used t tests for continuous variables.

^{^d}

Predictions were estimated with panel-negative binomial models. Control variables were those criteria with p values of < 0.1 after matching.

^{^e}

Quarterly number of inpatient admissions was calculated based on the average total number of inpatient claims in each quarter. Inpatient admissions that occurred during the last quarter of a patient's baseline year, the first quarter of a patient's study period, and the same quarter that a patient died were not included in the analysis.

^{^f}

Emergency room visits were defined by claims in an institutional setting (inpatient and outpatient) with revenue center code "045." Quarterly number of emergency room visits was calculated based on the average total number of emergency room visits in each quarter. Emergency room visits that occurred during the last quarter of a patient's baseline year, the first quarter of a patient's study period, and the same quarter that a patient died were not included in the analysis.

CI, confidence interval.