Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | Group A (n = 9) | Group B (n = 11) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 7 (77.8) | 8 (72.7) | 15 (75.0) |
| Male | 2 (22.2) | 3 (27.3) | 5 (25.0) |
| Age (y) | 40.6 ± 7.4 | 43.1 ± 7.2 | 42.0 ± 7.2 |
| Smoking behavior, n (%) | |||
| Never smoked | 6 (66.7) | 9 (81.8) | 15 (75.0) |
| Current smoker | 2 (22.2) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (15.0) |
| Ex-smoker | 1 (11.1) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (10.0) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||
| No/rarely | 5 (55.6) | 7 (63.6) | 12 (60.0) |
| ≥1 time per week | 4 (44.4) | 4 (36.4) | 8 (40.0) |
| Exercise, n (%) | |||
| No | 3 (33.3) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (35.0) |
| ≥1 time per week | 6 (66.7) | 7 (63.6) | 13 (65.0) |
| Baseline PSQI score | 7.1 ± 2.3 | 5.8 ± 1.9 | 6.4 ± 2.1 |
| Baseline ESS score | 12.3 ± 3.4 | 10.0 ± 2.9 | 11.1 ± 3.3 |
| Baseline WHO-QOL26 score | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4 |
Values expressed with a plus/minus sign are the mean ± standard deviation.
PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; WHO-QOL26, World Health Organization Quality of Life 26.