Whole-brain activation of (A) the main effect of case marking and (B) the main effect of animacy hierarchy for the adults overlaid onto the ICBM rendered template (p < 0.005 uncorrected, cluster ≥ 27 voxels, masked by the group-specific average gray matter mask). The graphs below illustrate the BOLD percent signal change within a 6-mm sphere mask centered at the peak activation coordinate in the a priori ROI for each main effect, that is, the left pars opercularis (IFGop) for the main effect of case marking and the left pars triangularis (IFGtri) for the main effect of animacy hierarchy. Significance level for the post-hoc comparisons of the main effects: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01. Error bars represent standard errors.