Table 2.
Characteristics (mean±SD or N(%)) of MrOS Participants by Consensus Definitions of Sarcopenia
| Characteristic | Baumgartnerb | Newmanc | EWGSOPd | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | No Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | No Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | |
| (N= 4633) | (N= 1301) | (N= 4748) | (N= 1186) | (N= 5677) | (N= 257) | |
| Age, y | 72.9 ± 5.5a | 76.2 ± 6.4 | 73.1 ± 5.7 | 75.7 ± 6.2 | 73.4 ± 5.7 | 79.9 ± 6.5 |
| White race | 4148 (89.5) | 1160 (89.2) | 4219 (88.9) | 1089 (91.8) | 5082 (89.5) | 226 (87.9) |
| Height, cm | 174.3 ± 6.8 | 173.5 ± 6.9 | 174.0 ± 6.8 | 174.7 ± 6.7 | 174.3 ± 6.7 | 170.1 ± 6.7 |
| Weight, kg | 86.1 ± 12.6 | 72.4 ± 8.9 | 84.0 ± 13.2 | 79.6 ± 12.4 | 83.7 ± 13.0 | 70.2 ± 9.3 |
| BMI, kg/m2h | 28.31 ± 3.6 | 24.02 ± 2.3 | 27.7 ± 3.8 | 26.1 ± 3.6 | 27.5 ± 3.8 | 24.2 ± 2.5 |
| Gait speed, m/s | 1.21 ± 0.22 | 1.16 ± 0.23 | 1.21 ± 0.23 | 1.15 ± 0.23 | 1.21 ± 0.22 | 0.96 ± 0.27 |
| Grip strength, kg | 42.9 ± 8.3 | 37.3 ± 7.6 | 42.7 ± 8.4 | 37.6 ± 7.7 | 42.2 ± 8.1 | 28.2 ± 6.6 |
| Chair stands inability | 97 (2.1) | 67 (5.2) | 86 (1.8) | 78 (6.6) | 124 (2.2) | 40 (15.6) |
| ALM, kgi | 25.3 ± 3.1 | 20.5 ± 2.0 | 25.0 ± 3.3 | 21.2 ± 2.5 | 24.5 ± 3.4 | 19.3 ± 1.8 |
| ALM/ht2, kg/m2 | 8.3 ± 0.8 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 0.4 |
| ALM/BMI | 0.90 ± 0.11 | 0.86 ± 0.11 | 0.91 ± 0.11 | 0.82 ± 0.11 | 0.90 ± 0.1 | 0.80 ± 0.1 |
| One or more medical conditionsj | 2277 (49.2) | 746 (57.3) | 2324 (49.0) | 699 (58.9) | 2845 (50.1) | 178 (69.3) |
| Excellent/good health | 4009 (86.6) | 1089 (83.8) | 4132 (87.2) | 966 (81.5) | 4910 (86.5) | 188 (73.2) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 1714 (37.0) | 510 (39.2) | 1797 (37.9) | 427 (36.0) | 2121 (37.4) | 103 (40.1) |
| Past | 2771 (59.8) | 734 (56.4) | 2797 (58.9) | 708 (59.7) | 3361 (59.2) | 144 (56.0) |
| Current | 147 (3.2) | 57 (4.4) | 153 (3.2) | 51 (4.3) | 194 (3.4) | 10 (3.9) |
| Alcohol use, drink/week | ||||||
| 0–2 | 2762 (59.7) | 781 (60.1) | 2842 (60.0) | 701 (59.2) | 3360 (59.3) | 183 (71.2) |
| 3–13 | 1333 (28.8) | 362 (27.9) | 1366 (28.8) | 329 (27.8) | 1647 (29.1) | 48 (18.7) |
| 14+ | 531 (11.5) | 157 (12.1) | 533 (11.2) | 155 (13.1) | 662 (11.7) | 26 (10.1) |
| PASE scorek | 151.2 ± 68.0 | 131.7 ± 66.2 | 151.6 ± 68.2 | 128.1 ± 64.5 | 148.9 ± 67.8 | 104.0 ± 61.5 |
| Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2l | 0.800 ± 0.127 | 0.728 ± 0.114 | 0.794 ± 0.128 | 0.747 ± 0.119 | 0.789 ± 0.127 | 0.693 ± 0.109 |
| Non-spine fracture after age 50 | 1069 (23.1) | 315 (24.2) | 1088 (22.9) | 296 (5.0) | 1305 (23.0) | 79 (30.7) |
| Characteristic | IWGe | FNIH Definition #1f | FNIH Definition #2g | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | No Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | No Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | |
| (N= 5657) | (N= 277) | (N= 5846) | (N= 88) | (N= 5916) | (N= 18) | |
| Age, y | 73.4 ± 5.7a | 79.3 ± 6.7 | 73.6 ± 5.8 | 78.1 ± 6.6 | 73.6 ± 5.8 | 82.8 ± 5.2 |
| White race | 5065 (89.5) | 243 (87.7) | 5225 (89.4) | 83 (94.3) | 5291 (89.4) | 17 (94.4) |
| Height, cm | 174.3 ± 6.8 | 172.0 ± 6.8 | 174.3 ± 6.7 | 165.4 ± 4.7 | 174.2 ± 6.8 | 164.6 ± 5.5 |
| Weight, kg | 83.6 ± 13.1 | 72.5 ± 9.6 | 83.2 ± 13.2 | 76.6 ± 12.3 | 83.1 ± 13.2 | 77.0 ± 15.5 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.5 ± 3.8 | 24.5 ± 2.5 | 27.4 ± 3.8 | 28.0 ± 3.9 | 27.4 ± 3.8 | 28.4 ± 5.1 |
| Gait speed, m/s | 1.22 ± 0.22 | 0.84 ± 0.14 | 1.20 ± 0.23 | 1.01 ± 0.25 | 1.20 ± 0.23 | 0.64 ± 0.1 |
| Grip strength, kg | 42.0 ± 8.4 | 33.7 ± 7.3 | 41.9 ± 8.3 | 21.7 ± 3.4 | 41.7 ± 8.4 | 21.1 ± 4.3 |
| Chair stands inability | 117 (2.1) | 47 (17.0) | 148 (2.5) | 16 (18.4) | 153 (2.6) | 11 (64.7) |
| ALM, kg | 24.5 ± 3.4 | 19.9 ± 1.9 | 24.3 ± 3.5 | 20.3 ± 3.0 | 24.3 ± 3.5 | 20.3 ± 3.7 |
| ALM/ht2, kg/m2 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 1.4 |
| ALM/BMI | 0.90 ± 0.10 | 0.82 ± 0.10 | 0.89 ± 0.11 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.89 ± 0.11 | 0.72 ± 0.06 |
| One or more medical conditions | 2833 (50.1) | 190 (68.6) | 2965 (50.7) | 58 (65.9) | 3012 (50.9) | 11 (61.1) |
| Excellent/good health | 4899 (86.6) | 199 (71.8) | 5035 (86.2) | 63 (71.6) | 5087 (86.0) | 11 (61.1) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 2128 (37.6) | 96 (34.7) | 2190 (37.5) | 34 (38.6) | 2219 (37.5) | 5 (27.8) |
| Past | 3343 (59.1) | 162 (58.5) | 3455 (59.1) | 50 (56.8) | 3493 (59.1) | 12 (66.7) |
| Current | 185 (3.3) | 19 (6.9) | 200 (3.4) | 4 (4.6) | 203 (3.4) | 1 (5.6) |
| Alcohol use, drink/week | ||||||
| 0–2 | 3364 (59.5) | 179 (64.9) | 3481 (59.6) | 62 (70.5) | 3528 (59.7) | 15 (83.3) |
| 3–13 | 1630 (28.9) | 65 (23.6) | 1677 (28.7) | 18 (20.5) | 1693 (28.7) | 2 (11.1) |
| 14+ | 656 (11.6) | 32 (11.6) | 680 (11.7) | 8 (9.1) | 687 (11.6) | 1 (5.6) |
| PASE score | 148.9 ± 67.7 | 107.8 ± 64.5 | 147.7 ± 68.0 | 99.6 ± 61.3 | 147.2 ± 68.0 | 66.2 ± 60.4 |
| Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2 | 0.788 ± 0.127 | 0.710 ± 0.117 | 0.785 ± 0.128 | 0.746 ± 0.129 | 0.784 ± 0.128 | 0.703 ± 0.121 |
| Non-spine fracture after age 50 | 1301 (23.0) | 83 (30.1) | 1361 (23.3) | 23 (26.1) | 1376 (23.3) | 8 (44.4) |
Bold text indicates pair-wise differences within definitions p<0.05.
Baumgartner: presence of low lean mass (ALM/ht2≤7.23 kg/m2)
Newman: The equation used to calculate residuals was ALM (kg) =− 22.48 +24.14*height(m) + 0.21*total fat mass (kg) (17); the cutpoint was ≤−0.204 kg/m29
EWGSOP (European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older Persons): presence of slowness (gait ≤0.8 m/s) plus low lean mass (ALM/ht2≤7.23 kg/m2) or weakness (grip<30 kg)
IWG (International Working Group): presence of slowness (gait<1.0 m/s) and low lean mass (ALM/ht2≤7.23 kg/m2)
FNIH (FNIH: Foundation for NIH Sarcopenia Project) definition #1: Presence of both weakness (grip<26 kg) and low lean mass (ALM/BMI <0.789)
FNIH definition #2: Presence of slowness (gait≤0.8 m/s), weakness (grip<26 kg) and low lean mass (ALM/BMI <0.789)
BMI: body mass index
ALM: appendicular lean mass
Medical conditions include stroke, diabetes, hyper- or hypothyroidism, Parkinson’s disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or non-skin cancer.
PASE: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
BMD: bone mineral density
P-values for continuous variables from a t-test if normally distributed, a Wilcoxon rank-sum test if skewed; for categorical variables from a chi-square test.