. 2016 Feb 3;11(2):e0148307. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148307

Table 3. General linear mixed model estimates for diastolic blood pressure over 6-year.

Effects	All	Healthy^a	At risk^b	Hypertension^c
	(n = 1365)	(n = 342)	(n = 774)	(n = 249)
Fixed Effects
Intercept	57.03 (2.82)^ƚ	55.46 (4.48)^ƚ	86.26 (3.27)^ƚ	87.64 (9.40)^ƚ
Time	-0.22 (0.09)^*	0.88 (0.17)^ƚ	-0.56 (0.10)^ƚ	-1.76 (0.35)^ƚ
Age at baseline	-0.06 (0.04)	-0.02 (0.07)	-0.03 (0.05)	-0.12 (0.14)
Gender (Male)	3.27 (0.61)^ƚ	2.73 (0.98)^*	1.70 (0.70)^*	2.61(1.95)
Ethnicity
Malay	1.77 (1.51)	2.77 (2.31)	0.56 (1.11)	1.40 (5.45)
Chinese	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Indian	1.05 (1.66)	2.52 (2.46)	2.26 (1.90)	0.28 (5.81)
Others	0.13 (1.67)	1.71 (2.49)	1.71 (1.94)	-1.12 (6.20)
Occupation at baseline
Academic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Support I	1.24 (0.64)	0.80 (0.96)	1.13 (0.70)	0.24 (2.04)
Support II	-0.85 (0.58)	-0.05 (0.79)	0.25 (0.70)	-0.82 (2.04)
Smoking at baseline
Current smoker	-1.80 (0.95)	-1.82 (1.67)	-1.67 (1.05)	-2.61 (2.79)
Former smoker	0.22 (0.86)	-0.73 (1.53)	0.34 (0.99)	-0.13 (2.24)
Never smoke	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Hypertensive medication	5.55 (0.77)^ƚ	-	-	0.54 (1.76)
BMI (kg/m²)	0.61 (0.05)^ƚ	0.46 (0.08)^ƚ	0.52 (0.06)^ƚ	0.25 (0.17)
Random Effects
Covariance of Random	34.87 (2.49)	12.01 (2.81)	25.07 (2.47)	39.79 (9.13)
Intercept and Slope
Variance of measurement error (residuals)	64.88 (1.73)	64.79 (3.43)	52.18 (1.87)	77.33 (6.62)

Adjusted for age, gender, ethnic, occupation, smoking, hypertensive medication and BMI.

The data represents Estimate (Standard error of mean).

Note:

^ƚ p-value <0.001;

*p-value <0.05.

^aNo self-reported medical history of hypertension and had a measured systolic <120 mmHg and diastolic <80 mmHg at baseline.

^bNo self-reported medical history of hypertension and had a measured systolic ≥120 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥80 mmHg at baseline.

^c self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypertension at baseline.