Table 3.
One-Way Between Subjects Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) Yielding Significant Main Effects for Group (Dyslexic or Non-Dyslexic) and Associated Means (M) and Standards Deviations (SDs), F-values, Degrees of Freedom (df), and p-values
| Measure | F(df)= p | Dyslexic M (SD) | Non-Dyslexic M (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal Comprehension Index | 9.66 (1, 80)** | 112.29 (10.26) | 104.34 (11.72) |
| Working Memory Phenotypes | |||
| CTOPP nonword | 4.30 (1,78)* | 7.29(1.99) | 8.29 (2.16) |
| Orthographic Coding | 5.02 (1, 71)* | 0.48 (0.52) | 0.73 (0.43) |
| Comes From | 4.14 (1,77)* | 0.08 (0.80) | 0.39 (0.57) |
| CELF3 Form Sentences | 1.08 (1,74) | 10.45 (2.67) | 11.11 (2.76) |
| Wolf RAN Letters | 10.14 (1,79)* | 0.47 (1.30) | −0.22 (0.62) |
| Alphabet 15 | 0.93 (1,71) | −0.01(0.63) | 0.16(0.81) |
| D-KEFS Inhibition | 4.78 (1,75)* | 8.42 (2.92) | 9.80 (2.63) |
| Wolf RAS Letters and Numerals | 7.26 (1,67)** | 0.53 (1.27) | −0.15 (0.79) |
| D-KEFS Verbal Fluency | 3.25 (1,75) | 8.90 (3.03) | 10.04(2.48) |
| Oral Reading | |||
| Word Identification | 15.31 (1, 79)*** | 93.03 (11.00) | 101.63 (8.57) |
| TOWRE Sight Word | 9.72 (1,80)** | 91.71 (12.87) | 99.78 (10.27) |
| Word Attack | 25.71 (1,80)*** | 89.74 (12.07) | 102.32 (10.04) |
| TOWRE Phonemic | 32.72 (1, 80)*** | 85.06(11.85) | 99.26 (10.20) |
| Spelling | |||
| WIAT 2 Spelling | 12.16 (1, 76)*** | 97.90 (13.00) | 107.24 (10.42) |
| WRAT 3 Spelling | 14.35 (1, 76)*** | 94.87 (13.17) | 103.84 (8.18) |
| UW Word Choice | 0.24 (1,69) | 0.51 (0.19) | 0.53 (0.15) |
Note. On RAN and RAS, a negative score is better because it is faster.
*
p< or =.05
**
p< or =.01
***
p< or =.001.
See Table Note for RAN and RAS.