Table 3.
EF abilities in the EIG and NIG children
| EIG (N=90)
|
NIG (N=57)
|
Group difference
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | F | p value | |
| DMSa | ||||||
| Percent accuracy 4000 ms | 57.39 | 23.76 | 62.81 | 19.06 | 2.09 | 0.15 |
| Percent accuracy 12 000 ms | 51.82 | 25.49 | 65.97 | 24.77 | 10.89* | 0.001 |
| PAL | ||||||
| Stages completed on 1st trial | 4.89 | 1.23 | 5.44 | 1.10 | 7.78* | 0.006 |
| First trial memory score | 16.32 | 4.65 | 18.70 | 3.76 | 10.90* | 0.001 |
| SWM | ||||||
| Strategy score | 39.45 | 2.54 | 37.63 | 4.43 | 10.73* | 0.001 |
| Between errors total | 67.36 | 12.85 | 57.67 | 15.83 | 17.40* | <0.001 |
| Flanker | ||||||
| RT incongruent – RT congruent | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 10.05* | 0.002 |
| SOC | ||||||
| Problems solved in minimum moves | 5.55 | 2.02 | 6.35 | 1.72 | 6.36* | 0.013 |
EF, Executive functioning; EIG, ever institutionalized group; NIG, never institutionalized group; DMS, Delayed Matching to Sample; PAL, Paired Associates Learning; SWM, Spatial Working Memory; RT, reaction time; SOC, Stockings of Cambridge;
*
Significant at the 0.05 level, two-sided test; analyses control for age and gender.
a
DMS statistics are reported only on those subjects who had scores which were greater than expected by chance in the 0-ms delay trials.