Table 2.

Overview on IVIVCs for complex non-oral dosage forms.

Dosage Forms	IVIVCs	Correlation	In Vitro Release Testing
			Method
Parenteral Microspheres/Implants
Microspheres	1:1 linear correlation	In vitro release vs in vivo absorption	Flow through [15, 16]; dialysis membrane [14, 22]; sample-and-separate [17, 23–25]
		In vitro release vs fractional AUC	Dialysis membrane [14, 22]; sample-and-separate [23]
	Level B	MDTin vitro vs MRTin vivo	Sample-and-Separate [26]
Implants	1:1 linear correlation	In vitro release vs in vivo release; Levy plot	Sample-and-Separate [17, 27]
	Level B	MDTin vitro vs MRTin vivo	Sample-and-Separate [17, 28]
Implantable devices	1:1 linear correlation	In vitro release vs in vivo absorption/r AUC	In-House flow-cell apparatus [29]
Intra-Articular Injectable depots	1:1 linear correlation	Levy plot (the time for in vitro disappearance vs the time for in vivo joint disappearance; the time for in vitro release vs the time for in vivo absorption	Rotating dialysis [30]
Transdermal (TDDS)
Patches1	Level A1	In vitro permeability vs in vivo bioavailability	Franz diffusion cells [18]
Gel	1:1 linear correlation	In vitro permeability vs in vivo permeability	Franz diffusion cells [19, 31]
Iontophoretic patches	1:1 linear correlation	Cumulative amounts delivered in vitro vs in vivo absorption	Franz diffusion cells [32]
Ophthalmic
Ocular insert	1:1 linear correlation	in vitro release vs in vivo release	Franz diffusion cells [20]

¹The only developed Level A IVIVC was validated internally and externally (PE%<15%).