Table 3. Results from the multivariable Cox regression examining factors associated with risk of death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
| Predict variables | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||
| White | 1 | – | Reference |
| Black | 1.07 | 0.91-1.26 | 0.38 |
| Native American | 0.81 | 0.52-1.26 | 0.35 |
| Asian | 0.76 | 0.66-0.87 | <0.001 |
| Age (year) | |||
| <40 | 1.12 | 0.76-1.66 | 0.57 |
| 40-59 | 1 | – | Reference |
| 60-69 | 0.98 | 0.86-1.11 | 0.74 |
| ≥70 | 1.21 | 1.06-1.38 | 0.01 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1 | – | Reference |
| Female | 0.99 | 0.87-1.12 | 0.88 |
| Tumor size (cm) | 1.01 | 1.01-1.01 | <0.001 |
| Tumor grade | |||
| I/II | 1 | – | Reference |
| III/IV | 1.48 | 1.30-1.69 | <0.001 |
| Stage at diagnosis | |||
| Localized | 1 | – | Reference |
| Regional spread | 1.42 | 1.26-1.61 | <0.001 |
| Distant spread | 2.07 | 1.70-2.53 | <0.001 |
| Unstaged | 1.16 | 0.60-2.27 | 0.66 |
| AFP | |||
| Negative | 1 | – | Reference |
| Positive | 1.36 | 1.20-1.54 | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | |||
| F0 | 1 | – | Reference |
| F1 | 1.39 | 1.20-1.58 | <0.001 |
| Type of therapy | |||
| None | 1 | – | Reference |
| Radiation only | 0.81 | 0.60-1.08 | 0.15 |
| Ablation | 0.52 | 0.44-0.61 | <0.001 |
| Resection | 0.35 | 0.30-0.41 | <0.001 |
| Transplant | 0.14 | 0.11-0.17 | <0.001 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; tumor grade I, well differentiated; tumor II, moderately differentiated; tumor III, poorly differentiated; tumor IV, undifferentiated; AFP, alpha fetal protein; F0, fibrosis score 0-4, none to moderate fibrosis; F1, fibrosis score 5-6, severe fibrosis or cirrhosis.