Mice were chronically exposed to air or CS over a period of 12 weeks and then intranasally challenged with 5 × l04 CFU of S. pneumoniae (Sp) or PBS (Mock). IFN-g levels were measured in the BAL 24 h post-infection (a), and restimulated lung cells. (b). Total cell numbers, and absolute numbers (× 106) of NK cells (CD45+ NK1,1+ TCRb−), NKT cells (CD45+ PBS-57 CD1d tetramer+ TCRb+), conventional T cells (CD45+ PBS-57 CD1d tetramer+ TCRb+ CD4+ and/or CD8+) were evaluated in lung tissues 24 h post-infection. Activation of NKT and T cells was estimated by CD69 MFI. (c) Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. *: p < 0.05.