Fig. 1.

Chronic risperidone treatment results in increased weight gain and an altered microbiome. For all panels, color indicates risperidone treatment (red) vs. control (blue). A) Body masses were assessed daily in 10 C57BL/6 female mice maintained on standard chow with ad libitum access to water (n = 5) or water with risperidone (20 μg/ml, n = 5). B) Body masses were assessed during risperidone treatment at a 1000-fold lower dose of risperidone (20 ng/ml, n = 5). C) PCoA of UniFrac distances illustrating the association between gut bacterial community structure after treatment with risperidone. Day 0 (Gray), Day 58 risperidone (red), and Day 58 control (blue). Risperidone Day 58 samples were compared to all other samples by ANOSIM (R = 0.895, p = 0.002). D) Mean pairwise intra- and intergroup UniFrac distances of control and chronic RSP treatment at days 0 and 58. p < 0.05 based on 1000 permutations. E–H) Genus-level percent relative abundances of the microbiome during treatment with risperidone vs. controls over time. Data are representative of mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05. I) Discriminatory OTUs among treatment populations as determined by LEfSe analysis.