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. 2016 Feb 4;7:27. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00027

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Copyright © 2016 O'Callaghan, Chauhan, Zhao, Lataro, Salgado, Nogaret and Paton.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Low pass filtering of simulated respiratory input on the accuracy of instantaneous frequency modulation. (A) Inverse inter-spike interval of (B) N1 stimulated by current modulation (C). This current modulation was obtained using a 10 ms integration time to integrate the raw dEMG input (G). The low frequency variations in inter-spike interval reached 1.9 Hz, indicated by horizontal green lines. (D–F) same as above but using a 204 ms integration time to obtain the frequency modulation, which reduced low frequency variations in inter-spike-interval to 0.1 Hz.